HISTORY STUDY GUIDE 1, 2, 3

nomadic

wandering, moving about from place to place

beringia land bridge

Piece of land that connected Asia and North America; allowed first people to come to America

Colonization

The expansion of countries into other countries where they establish settlements and control the people

European diseases

The number one killer of Native Americans during the Age of Exploration

Christopher Columbus (Who? His goals?)

Italian explorer; mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492, while searching for a faster route to India. If he could reach these lands, he could bring rich cargoes of silks and spices back home.

slave trade

European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

Impact of Columbus (Natives, Europeans)

Natives: forced natives to work for the sake of profits, sold them. Europeans: opened the way for European countries to colonize and exploit those lands and their peoples. Trade was soon established between Europe and the Americas.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans

Roanoke

The failed "lost colony" founded by Sir Walter Raleigh

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

John Smith

English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia

Royal Colony

colony under the direct control of the English crown

joint-stock company

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

Plymouth Colony

Colony founded by the Separatist Pilgrims who came over on the Mayflower. Located in New England.

New Netherland

A colony founded by the Dutch in the New World. It became New York.

Bacon's Rebellion

A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Indentured Servants

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor

Mercantilism

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

favorable balance of trade (why would a country want this?)

This was the ideology that most states used to gain the most money from their exports by increasing the amount of finished materials while decreasing the amount of raw materials

Parliament

A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

Southern Economy

depended on agriculture, small farms and large plantations, slaves were main source of labor; this because of its rich soil and warm climate, making it easy to grow crops like cotton.

cash crop

farm crop raised to be sold for money (ex.: cotton)

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Triangular Trade

A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason instead of accepted ideas and social institutions.

Original 13 Colonies

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York & Rhode Island.

Proclamation of 1763

declared the boundaries of settlement for inhabitants of the 13 colonies to be Appalachia.