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AP EURO REVIEW- places, events
World War I
European war: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States vs. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria
Military, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Assassination
system of entangling alliances
complex web of alliances that forced countries to fight each other if needed/called upon. one cause of WWI. can choose not to fight for their alliance
Triple Entente
An alliance signed in 1907 that consisted of Russia, Great Britain, and France. counter to Triple Alliance due to France being afraid of German invasion.
Schlieffen Plan
German plan to invade France through Belgium defeat France quickly around Paris and the go east and defeat Russia
propaganda
a form of communication that is aimed towards influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument
Treaty of Versailles
ended World War I; punished Germans for their role in the war
Bolshevik Revolution
radical marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903. Under the leadership of Lenin, the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917 during the Russian Revolution.
Weimer Republic
the democratic govt. which ruled over Germany form 1919 to 1933.
hyperinflation
momentary inflation occurring at a very high rate
League of Nations
an organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace
Five-Year Plan
plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and the most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state.
collectivization
the forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large, state-controlled enterprises
fascism
anti-socialist, anti democratic, extremely nationalistic, capitalistic, glorification of military and war, focus on UNITY
Great Depression
the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries
National Socialist/ German
Abbreviated NAZI, it called for the repudiation of the Treaty of Vienna, the unification of Austria and Germany, and the exclusion of Jews from German citizenship
Workers’ Party
called for the repudiation of the Treaty of Vienna, the unification of Austria and Germany, and the exclusion of Jews from German citizenship.
Popular Front
A New Deal-inspired party in France led by Leon Blum that encouraged the union movement and launched a far-reaching program of social reform, complete with paid vacations and a forty-hour workweek. Social Democrats.
Spanish Civil War
This war broke out in 1936, and made the new European alignment that found the Western democracies on one side and the fascist states on the other clearer. General Francisco Franco led an army from Spanish Morocco against the republic.
appeasement
the policy of making concessions to a dictatorial power so that conflict is avoided. The rise of appeasement occured after World War I and is often tied to Neville Chamberlain.
Third Reich
• State created by Hitler • Single party rule • Claimed legitimacy through Hitler's alliances with traditional conservative and nationalist politicians, industrialists and military men
nonaggression pact
The countries agreed that they would not attack each other and secretly divided the countries that lay between them.
blitzkrieg
Germany's strategy to avoid a long war in the first phase of World War II in Europe. Germany's strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns.
Holocaust
Nazi genocide of 1933-1945, The result was the Final Solution
Auschwitz
A Nazi death/concentration camp. Many Jews were taken in overcrowded trains and tortured, and burned to death.
D-Day invasion
the Allied invasion of western Europe, which was launched on June 6, 1944 (the most celebrated D-Day of the war), with the simultaneous landing of U.S., British, and Canadian forces on five separate beachheads in Normandy, France
Nuremberg Trial
An international military tribunal organized by the four Allied powers - the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, and France- tried and sentenced the highest ranking Nazi military and civilian leaders who had survived the war.
United Nations
International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations.
Cold War
a series of proxy wars between the United States and USSR
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, was a U.S. program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries.
Berlin Airlift
A military operation in the late 1940s that brought food and other needed goods into West Berlin by air after the government of East Germany, which at that time surrounded West Berlin (see Berlin wall) (see also Berlin wall), had cut off its supply routes.
Berlin Wall
a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West.
Israel
Herzel stated that there should be one Jewish state for all Jews. After WWII this seemed very likely in Palestine where many Jews fled to during the Holocaust. The Arabs in Palestine considered the Jewish settlement an intrusion and violent clashes ensued. Britain turned to the United Nations to settle disputes between the Arab and Jewish inhabitants in Palestine. The United Nations passed a resolution that divided Palestine into two states, on Jewish and one Arab.
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
brought together 6 countries (Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) to organise the free movement of coal and steel and to free up access to sources of production.
Maastricht Treaty
stablished the European Union, paved the way for the euro and created EU citizenship
European Union
a coming together of twenty-seven different European countries since World War II to ensure lasting peace on the European continent.
German reunification
the process of re-establishing Germany as a single sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991.
Solidarity
Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe. led by Lech Walesa.
glasnost and perestroika
1.glasnost (openness) 2. perestroika (restructuring) glasnost. Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union.
Brexit
the withdrawal process of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU)
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