World History Exam review

How did Henry IV help reunite France after years of fighting?

He converted to Catholicism and granted rights to the Huguenots.

What were the Great 5 European Powers?

Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia.

Why did James I resist working with Parliament?

He believed in the absolute power of kings.

What was the significance of the Long Parliament?

It led to the English Civil War.

What happened to England's government after the English Civil War?

Parliament used the republic Cromwell had established.

What was the impact of the English Bill of Rights on democracy in England?

It gave Parliament essential powers independent of the monarchy.

How were Austria and Prussia similar?

Both were formed by the Peace of Westphalia.

Which concept best describes Peter the Great's approach to westernization?

He used autocratic power to westernize Russia.

What is Philip II known for?

Being a passionate leader who created the Spanish Armada.

Who revoked the Edict of Nantes?

Louis XIV.

Which king returned to England after the 'kingless decade'?

Charles II.

What was a main goal of Peter the Great?

Gaining a warm-water seaport.

Which king is known for his lavish court at Versailles?

Louis XIV.

Who willingly gave up his throne of Spain?

Charles V.

Who was the German-born Empress of Russia known for leading her country into European political and cultural life?

Catherine the Great.

Who was the king of France and considered a symbol of absolute monarchy?

Louis XIV.

What did Philip II support during his reign?

The Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation.

Who was Charles I?

The second Stuart king of England whose belief in divine right led to conflict with Parliament.

What is meant by the term 'westernization'?

Adoption of Western ideas, technology, and culture.

Who were the Puritans?

Members of an English Protestant group wanting to 'purify' the Church of England.

What is absolute monarchy?

A form of government where the ruler has complete authority over the government and lives of the people.

What was the Edict of Nantes?

A law issued by French King Henry IV granting rights to French Protestants.

What is oligarchy?

A government where ruling power belongs to a few people.

What does depopulation mean?

Reduction in the number of people in an area.

What was the English Bill of Rights?

A series of acts passed in 1689 that limited the rights of the monarchy and ensured the superiority of Parliament.

What is divine right?

The idea that a ruler's authority comes directly from God.

What was the Peace of Westphalia?

A series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War.

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

It encouraged the use of reason and understanding of natural phenomena.

What statement would John Locke agree with regarding government?

People have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights.

What did Adam Smith argue in the Wealth of Nations?

The free market should regulate business activity.

What is a key component of the U.S. government under the Constitution?

The separation of powers among different branches of government.

How did France's social divisions contribute to the French Revolution?

Members of the Third Estate were dissatisfied with social and economic inequality.

Why was the storming of the Bastille important?

It challenged the king's authority and marks the start of the revolution.

What was the impact of the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?

Put into practice ideals of the Enlightenment.

How did revolutionary leaders protect their gains during the French Revolution?

By harshly dealing with enemies of the revolution.

What caused the Reign of Terror?

The Committee of Public Safety had absolute power.

What was most responsible for Napoleon's rise to power?

His well-known military history during the revolution.

How did Napoleon's invasion of Russia affect his empire?

The disastrous retreat marked the beginning of the end for Napoleon.

What was the chief goal of the Congress of Vienna?

To preserve peace through a balance of power.

How did the Congress of Vienna limit French ambition?

The wartime alliance against France was extended into peacetime.

How did the power of the king change after the English Civil War?

The king governed in partnership with Parliament.

Which social class paid few taxes in France?

The First Estate (clergy).

On what idea was Louis XIV's authority based?

Divine right.

What were the social classes under France's ancient regime?

Clergy, the middle class and urban workers, and the nobility.

What caused the French Revolution?

France's royal treasury was in debt and could not collect money from the Second Estate.

What significant event involved General Famine and General Winter?

Napoleon's disastrous retreat from Russia.

What concept means that government power derives from the consent of the governed?

Popular sovereignty.

What did Maximilien Robespierre claim about terror?

Terror is a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy.

What kind of government did Rousseau favor for ensuring freedom?

An elected government.

Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the American Revolution?

It persuaded other nations to ally with the American colonists.

What does the portrayal of France's estates suggest?

The privileged fear the anger of the underprivileged.

Why were European rulers fearful of events in France during the Revolution's radical phase?

France bordered many nations, fearing radical ideas would spread.

How did the Congress of Vienna restore order after the Napoleonic Wars?

It redrew the map of Europe.

What does the relationship between absolutism and revolution reveal?

Absolutism often led to resentment, fueling revolutions.

What similarities exist between the American and French Revolutions?

Both favored representative governments.

What solution did Montesquieu propose to avoid tyrannical rule?

Separating the branches of government.

What did American revolutionaries seek compared to French revolutionaries?

Freedom from British rule versus overthrowing the monarchy.

Which factor contributed to France's pre-revolution debt?

The Seven Years' War.

Who led the Committee of Public Safety?

Maximilien Robespierre.

What did the Tennis Court Oath establish?

The National Assembly wouldn't dissolve until a constitution was created.

Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

Head of the French National Guard and the moderates.

What Paris landmark was attacked for arms?

The Bastille.

Who was Marie-Antoinette's husband?

Louis XVI.

List the events in chronological order: Women marching on Versailles, storming of the King's palace, first republic, reign of terror.

Women marching on Versailles; storming of the King's palace; first republic; reign of terror.

How did Napoleon start his political career?

As a French military officer.

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?

That all humans were inherently selfish and evil.

Which form of government did Thomas Hobbes prefer?

Absolute monarchy.

What was the reason for the beginning of the Enlightenment?

Scientific discoveries changed how people thought.

Who was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution?

James II.

What is Adam Smith's pivotal economic work?

Wealth of Nations.

Which was not a primary cause of the American Revolution?

The Olive Branch Petition.

Which philosopher spoke of 'natural rights'?

John Locke.

Which phrase best coincides with the French Revolution?

Death to all traitors.

Who was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson.

What was the Russian military strategy during France's invasion?

Utilizing Russia's climate and cutting off resources.

What was the overall impact of the Napoleonic Wars?

Europe under French control but not accepting French culture.

Which estate represented most of the population in France's old regime?

The Third Estate.

How did enclosures contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

Displaced farmers formed the labor force for factories.

What describes child labor during the Industrial Revolution?

Large numbers of children worked in mines and textile factories.

What was a long-term benefit of the Industrial Revolution?

The standard of living increased.

How did Adam Smith define the free market?

An economic system with little or no government interference.

What does socialism advocate?

Means of production should be shared by everyone.

What was a major effect of new technology during the Industrial Revolution?

Production became faster and less expensive.

How did city life change in the late 1800s?

Improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease.

What improved working conditions in the late 1800s?

The growth of labor unions.

What was a positive effect of the Industrial Revolution?

Increased social mobility.

Who would argue that the poor must work themselves out of poverty?

Thomas Malthus.

What key resource sparked the Industrial Revolution in England?

Natural resources.

What did temperance leaders argue would decrease with a ban on alcohol?

Domestic violence.

What economic system typically resulted in high government control?

Communism.

Who would agree that individuals have a better survival chance through variance?

Charles Darwin.

What would be supported in the Wealth of Nations?

Prices should be regulated by supply and demand.

Who would likely agree with the statement on poverty and life choices?

Thomas Malthus.

Which artistic movement expressed imagination and emotion?

Romanticism.

Who controls the economy under capitalism?

Business owners.

Which system shares resources among all people?

Socialism.

Which economic system causes class differentiation?

Capitalism.

What did the locomotive's development allow?

Railroads could reach areas where rivers did not.

Who invented the telephone and telegraph?

Alexander Graham Bell; Samuel Morse.

What is a monopoly?

Exclusive possession or control of supply in a good or service.