World History Exam review

He converted to Catholicism, but granted rights to the Huguenots - How did Henry IV help reunite France after years of fighting between Catholics and Huguenots? Catherine the Great continued Peter the Great's policies by... - Acquiring new territory and expansion across Siberia and Bering strait What are the Great 5 European Powers? - Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia Why did James I not want to work with Parliament? - He believed in the absolute power of kings What was the significance of the Long Parliament? - It led to the English Civil war What happened to England's government after the English Civil War - Parliament used the republic Cromwell had established what was the impact of the English bill of rights on the development of democracy in England - It gave Parliament essential powers independent of the monarchy How were Austria and Prussia similar? - both were formed by the peace of Westphalia which of the following best describes peter the great approach toward westernization - he used autocratic power to westernize russia which of the following is philip II known for? - A passionate leader who created the spanish armada which of the following leaders is known for revoking the edict of nates - louis XIV which of the following kings came back to England after the "kingless decade" and was well loved by the people - Charles II which of the following was a main goal of peter the great - gaining a warm-water seaport which of the following kings was known for his lavish court at Versailles - louis XIV This king willingly gave up his throne of spain - charles V german-born empress of russia who led her country in becoming part of the political and cultural life of europe - catherine the great served as king of france and is considered the symbol of absolute monarchy - louis XIV served as king of spaniards and king of portuguese, and strong supporter of the roman catholic counter-reformation. under his rule, the spanish empire was at its strongest; however, he failed in his attempt to invade england - Philip II Was the second stuart king of england, scotland, wales. his belief in the divine right of kigs brought him constant conflict with parliament. this conflict eventually led to the english civil war, defeat and execution for treason. - charles I adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture. - westernization member of an english protestant group who wanted to "purify" the Church of england by making it more simple and more morally strict. - puritan form of the government in which a ruler has complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs - absolute monarchy law issued by french king henry IV in 1598 giving more religious freedom to french protestants - edict of nantes government on which ruling power belongs to a few people - oligarchy reduction in the number of people in an area - depopulation series of acts passes in 1689 by the English parliament that limited the rights of the monarchy and ensured the superiority of parliament - english bill of rights idea that a ruler's authority came directly form - divine right series of treaties that ended the thirty years was - peace of Westphalia

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment? - It encouraged people to use reason and understand natural phenomena With which statement would enlightenment think John Locke have agreed? - People have the right to overthrow a government that violates thier rights In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that - the free market should regulate business activity A key component of the U.S. government under the Constitution is - The separation of powers among different branches of government How did France's social divisions in the late 1700s contribute to the French Revolution? - Members of the Third Estate were dissatisfied with social and economic inequality Why was the storming of the Bastille on July 14,1789, an important event in the French Revolution - It challenges the king's authority and marks the start of the revolution Which best describes the impact of the declaration of rights of man and of the citizen? - It put into practice ideals of the enlightenment How did France's radical revolutionaries try to protect the revolution? - By harshly dealing with enemies of the revolution Which of the following statements best explains the conditions that led to the reign of terror - The committee of public safety had absolute power Which of the following was most responsible for Napoleon's rise to emperor of France? - A well-known military history during the revolution How did napoleon invasion of russia affect his empire - The disastrous retreat from Russia was the beginning of the end for Napoleon The chief goal of the Congress of Vienna was to - preserve peace through a balance of power How did the congress of vienna try to limit French ambition - the wartime alliance against france was extended into peacetime How did the power of the king change after the English Civil War and the glorious revolution - the king governed in partnership with parliament which entry in this chart applies to the first estate rather than the third estate - paid few taxes Louis XIV's authority to rule was based on which of the following ideas - divine right which groups made up the three social classes under France's ancient regime - clergy, the middle class, urban workers and peasants, and the nobility which was a cause of the french revolution - frances royal treasury was in debt because it could no collect money from the second estate "General Famine and General Winter, rather than Russian bullets, have conquered the Grand Army."—French general Michel Ney what resulted after the event described above - napoleon surrendered and was sent into exile which of the following is the concept that all the government power ultimately derives from the consent of the people being governed - popular sovereignty "Terror is nothing but prompt, severe, inflexible justice; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country."- Maximilien Robespierre (1794) This viewpoint expressed in this quotation was most directly put into action through the... - Guillotine Rousseau wrote, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains" What kind of government did he favor to ensure greater freedom? - An elected government Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the American Revolution - It persuaded other nations to ally themselves with the American colonists Which statement most accurately interpret this portrayal of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd estates of France? - The privileged fear the anger of the underprivileged why would the rulers of European countries be fearful of events in France during both the Revolution's radical phase... - France boarded many European nations, which feared that radical idea would spread and threaten other governments How did congress of vienna restore order after the Napoleonic wars - it redrew the map of europe Which of the following best describes the relationship between absolutism and revolution? - Absolutism often led to resentment and ultimately fueled revolutions The principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities? - both favored representative governments "When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws to execute them in a tyrannical manner"- Montesquieu Which solution would Montesquieu offer up to avoid tyrannical rule? - separating the branches of government while the american revolutionaries sought freedom from brit rule the french revolutionaries sought to - overthrow the monarchy and est. a republic Which factor did contribute to frances pre-revolution debt - the 7 years war Who of the following was in charge of the committee of Public Safety - Maximilien Robespierre What did the Tennis Court Oath establish? - that the national assembly wouldn't dissolve until they had created a constitution who of the following was the head of the french national guard and headed the moderates - Marquis de Lafayette Which paris landmark was raised by revolutionaries in pursuit of arms - the bastille Marie- Antoniette was the wife of which french monarch - Louis XVI which of the following lists of events is in the correct chronological order (from earliest to latest) - Women march of Versailles; storming of the King's palace in Paris; first republic; reign of terror how did napolean start his political career - french military officer thomas hobbes believed that all humans were inherently - selfish and evil which form of gov did thomas hobbes prefer - absolute monarchy which of the following is the reason for the beginning of the enlightenment - the discoveries of the scientific revolution changed how people thought who was overthrown in the glorious revolution - James II Adam Smith's pivotal economic work was... - wealth of nations which of the following was not a primary cause of the american revolution - the olive branch petition what philosopher stated that all individuals possesed certain "natural rights"- such as life, liberty, and property - John Locke which of the following best coincides with the french revolution - death to all traitors who was the chief author of the declaration of independence - thomas jefferson why was the russian military strategy successful during france's invasion - the russian military used russia's climate to thier advantage and cut off resources to the french miltary what was the overall impact of the napoleonic wars - europe primarily under french control but did not accept french culture in france's old regime which estate made up most of the population - 3rd estate

How did enclosures contribute to the development of the industrial revolution? - Enclosures displaced farmers, who formed the labor force for the new factories in cities. Which statement best describes child labor during the early years of the Industrial Revolution? - Mines and textile factories employed large numbers of children. What was one long term benefit of the industrial revolution? - The standard of living went up. Adam smith defined the free market as an economic system in which... - the market functions with little or no government interference. Socialism is based on the belief that... the means of production should be shared by everyone in society. - Which of the following was a major effect of new technology on business during the industrial revolution? - Production would become faster and less expensive How did city life change during the late 1800's and early 1900's? - improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease Which development helped improve working conditions in many mines and factories during the late 1800's? - the growth of labor unions One of the positive effects of the industrial revolution was increased... - social mobility Which of the following people would agree that the poor need to work themselves up out of poverty? - Thomas Malthus What was the key to the industrial revolution starting in England in the 1700's? - Resources Leaders of the temperance movement argued that a ban of alcohol would lead to... - a decrease in domestic violence What is the main reason for the "putting-out" system gave way to the factory system in the British textile industry - there was a need for a place for large machinery In practice, which economic system led to the highest degree of government control over economic decisions? - communism "As many more individuals.. are born that can possibly survive; and as, consequently there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and something varying conditions of life, will have a better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally selected." Which of the following people would agree with this statement the most? - Charles Darwin Which of the following statements would most likely to be supported in the Wealth of Nations? - Prices should be regulated by the laws of supply and demand. "Poverty is inevitable. It is what you do with your life that counts." Which of the following people would be most likely to agree with this quote? - Thomas Malthus Which of the following art forms expressed imagination and emotion? - Romanticism ________ get to make economic decisions under capitalism. - Business owners The groups of workers control resources and the profits are divided among all people. What system does this sound most like? - Socialism This economic system typically causes unemployment and class differentiation. - Capitalism Which of the following explains an impact of the locomotive? - It was impactful as railroad tracks could go where rivers didn't. Who was the creator of the telephone and creator of the telegraph? - Alexander Grahm Bell; Samuel Morse Which of the following best explains a monopoly? - The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a good or service. Which statement best reflects the values of utilitarianism? - "An action is right if it produces satisfaction for the majority" Who was the inventor of cotton gin? - Eli Whitney Author, lecturer, and activist who played a major role in the women's rights movement - Elizabeth Cady Stanton German political thinker whose ideas became the foundation of communism. - Karl Marx English author that created the most famous and vivid characters - Charles Dickens Who improved and made the steam engine more efficient - James Watt

A main cause of the new imperialism of the 19th century was…-The need for raw materials and resources for industrial production.

How did Western imperialism affect the culture of the colonies?-Colonized people were encouraged to adopt Christianity and European culture, and local traditions weakened.

Before New Imperialism, North Africa was different from southern Africa in that…-North Africa was part of the declining Ottoman Empire/Muslim world, while southern Africa was controlled by the often battling Zulus and Boers.

Which of the following was an immediate cause of the Uprising of 1857?-The British wanted Indian soldiers to use rifle cartridges that were greased with animal fat.

How did the British relationship to India change after the uprising of 1857?-The British ended the rule of the East India Company and the British crown ruled India.

The Opium war was significant for Britain because it…-Increased power and trading rights for the British due to the addiction.

How was the Taiping Rebellion different from the Boxer Uprising?-The Taiping rebellion targeted the Qing dynasty while the Boxer Uprising targeted foreigners.

How did the Meiji Restoration affect the social system in Japan?-Legal distinctions between classed ended.

Which industrialized power took control of Burma and Malaysia?-Britain.

How was Siam different from the other nations of Southeast Asia?-Siam remained independent from European control.

How did Hawaii become part of the United States?-American sugar planters overthrew the queen.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine states that the United States…-Had the right to intervene in Latin America.

Which of the following statements best describes European imperialism?-Industrialization was both a cause of imperialism and a reason for its success.

By the mid-1800s, why did so many groups of people in Japan feel discontented?-The citizens were curious and ready to open to the world after a long period of isolation.

" A single shelf of a good European library is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia." Which aspect of Western Imperialism do these worlds reflect?-Social Darwinism.

"The first principle was nationalism, or freeing China from foreign domination. The second was democracy, or a representative government" like the Westerners. The third was livelihood, or economic security for all Chinese. The fourth is to modernize our great country." This quote most likely comes from sentiments from which Chinese event…-Hundred Days of Reform.

Which of the following did the United States gain after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War?-The Philippines.

How was the Maori struggle similar to that of the Australian indigenous group?-Both groups suffered from population loss due to disease and having to fight for their land.

Which of the following was not an independent state in Africa for freed slaves?-South Africa.

Which of the following accurately represents the "two Canadas"?-British Canadians, French Canadians.

The Great Game was a war between which two countries?-Russia and British.

True or False: African citizens were present at the Berlin Conference.-False.

The building of the Suez canal led Egypt being a protectorate of which western country?-Britain.

Which of the following best explains the goals of the Indian National Congress and the Muslim league?-To achieve self-rule for Indian citizens.

What form of government did China turn to after the fall of the Qing Dynasty?-Republic.

What was the impact of the Russo-Japanese War?-Japan successfully won a war against a European power.

True or False: The Sepoy Rebellion was not a cause of the spread of nationalism in India.-False.

Which of the following is the correct definition of caudillo?-Military dictator in Latin America.

Under which type of imperial rule would Westerners run the government within the colony?-Direct Rule.

Which of the following best explains the increase of European contact in Africa in the 1800s?-Explorers and missionaries showed that travel into the interior was possible, bringing more and more Europeans over.

How did foreign powers come to dominate the Chinese?-They carved out spheres of influence at a vulnerable time in China's country.

How did Korea react to Japanese rule?-They resisted and were searching for independence.

Why were Filipino's disappointed after the United states took control of the Philippines?-They wanted independence, but was not granted it by the US.

What effect did Western investment have on Latin American economies?-Their economies saw some growth, but was overall limited.

How did the British respond to Canadians' desire for self-rule?-The British granted full self-rule right after intervention between French and British Canadians.

Which country escaped European and American imperialism?-Siam.

European imperialists redrew the map of Africa with little regard for...-Ethnic Boundaries.

Who is sometimes called the "father of modern Egypt" because of his improvements and industrialism in Egypt?-Muhammad Ali.

The Treaty of Nanjing signed August 29th, 1842, and the British supplementary Treaty of the Bogue, signed October 8th, 1843, provided large payment from the Chinese for the war, British ownership of Chinese ports, and the right of British citizens to have extraterritoriality in China." The events described in the above quote were the consequences of the…-Opium War.

What action did Japan's leaders take to fulfill the goals described in this text?-Industrializing and opening up to the rest of the world.

Which of the following best explains the stance of a liberal in Latin America?-Looking for political equality for all people.

Which of the following is a present-day US territory gained from the Spanish American war?-Puerto Rico.

Which statement best summarizes what you read in the chart above?-All 3 wars led to imperial powers seizing colonies.

"Under this policy, the United States claimed, 'International police power' in the Western Hemisphere."-Roosevelt Corollary

Which of the following factors contributed to the Boxer Rebellion?-Chinese nationalists' anger at foreign involved in the country.

Japan's foreign policy up to the mid-1800s could be best characterized as…-Isolationist.

Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that…-Western dominance was justified on the basis of racial superiority.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons/ideas behind imperialism?-To isolate your country from the rest of the world.

Which of the following is not a western country?-China.

Direct Rule-The imperial power exerts full control over the colony, often replacing local leaders with officials from the ruling country. Colonized people have little or no say in governance.

Sphere of Influence-A foreign power claims exclusive economic, political, or military privileges in a region without directly controlling its government. Other powers are discouraged from interfering.

Indirect Rule-The imperial power governs existing local rulers and institutions rather than imposing direct administration. The colonized region retains some autonomy.

Protectorate-A local government remains in place, but it is under the control and guidance of a foreign power, which manages its defense and foreign policy. The ruling country exerts influence and protects without outright annexation.

2nd Sphere of Influence-Seen in China during 19th and early 20th centuries, where multiple European nations had exclusive trading rights in different areas.

True or False: The Berlin Conference was held to divide Africa among European powers.-True.

True or False: China was divided into directly ruled colonies by European powers.-False.

True or False: The Opium Wars were fought between Britain and India over the production of opium.-False.

True or False: Japan was colonized by European powers during the 19th century.-False.

True or False: The Suez Canal was a strategically important waterway controlled by European powers.-True.

Imperialism-domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

Sepoy-Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies.

Extraterritoriality-Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

Taiping Rebellion-Peasant Revolt in China.

Open-Door Policy-American approach to China, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations.

Homogeneous Society-society that has a common culture and language.

French Indo-China-Western name for the colonial holdings of France on mainland Southeast Asia; present-day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

Penal Colony-place where people convicted of crimes are sent.

Monroe Doctrine-American policy of discouraging European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.-Dominion

self-governing nation.-You can also click the terms or definitions to blur or reveal them

How did imperialism contribute to the outbreak of World War I? - Rivalry over overseas territories increased tensions in Europe. What role did the alliance system play in World War I? - Germany, France, and Russia were drawn into the war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia due to the alliance system. Why was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand significant? - It caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. Trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front because... - It was difficult for either side to launch a successful offensive. What is one way Russia's lack of industrialization impacted the war? - Russia lost battles because it was not able to supply its troops effectively How were European colonies involved in the war? - They provided the European powers with manpower and materials What role did women play in the war effort during WWI? - They worked in war industries, manufacturing weapons and supplies Which of the following was an effect of Allied defeats and high casualty rates on the Eastern Front? - Russia experienced a revolution and dropped out of the war Why was the League of Nations significant? - It was an attempt to create and organization where nations worked together for peace. What did President Wilson want to achieve with his Fourteen Points at the Paris Peace Conference? - A "Just peace" and "peace without victory" Which sentence describes the views of American, British, and French leaders at the Paris Peace Conference? - They each had conflicting goals Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "total war" in WWI? - Propaganda campaigns encourages people to grow their own food vs. grocery shopping The chief goal of the League of Nations was to... - Prevent future wars What alliance was Russia a part of? - Triple Entente What was the impact of women's role in WWI? - Countries gave women the right to vote What event allowed for the Germans to focus only on the Western Front of the war? - Russian forces removed themselves from the war due to growing internal conflict True or false: The League of Nations was successful - False Which of the following best explains the France and Great Britain's goal with the Treaty of Versailles? - To ensure Germany paid for the war and took all blame What is one way in which militarism influenced the nations of Europe prior to WWI? - Militarism discouraged nations from conducting foreign trade Which event below positively impacted the Allies during the war? - The United States declared war on Germany Which principle of Wilson's Fourteen Points did the mandate system counteract? - Self-determination Choose the answer to complete the table listing terms of the Treaty of Versailles - Germany was forces to pay for the war German soldiers marching through Belgium in 1914 was an action that... - Brought Britain into the war What happened right after the sinking of the British ship Lusitania by a German U-boat? - Woodrow Wilson threatened to cut diplomatic ties with Germany What was the political impact of WWI? - The war caused many governments to collapse "There were vast stretches of mud, of fields once cultivated, but not scarred with pits... rusty barded wires. The roads were rivers of clay. They were lined with dugouts, cellars, and caves." The passage describes the impact of... - Trench Warfare Which of the following is the best example of how WWI was a total war? - Women took over many jobs in war industries "India Gate, an important monument of the city, is a memorial built in commemoration of more than 80,000 India soldiers who were killed during WWI." What can you infer as to why colonies would have sent their people to serve in WWI? - They expected that their service would be a step toward self-rule or independence What is one reason for the staggering casualties that Russia suffered in WWI? - The poorly equipped army What was one major result of the Russian Revolution of 1917? - The rise of the Soviet Union

Which action best represents the policy of appeasement followed by Britain and France prior to the start of WWII? - Allowing Hitler to annex Sudetenland How did the Munich Pact affect Europe? - It further encouraged Hitler's aggressive policies What was an immediate effect of the Lend-Lease Act? - The US provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union Why did Japan attack the US? - Japan believed that the US was interfering with Japan's expansion in Southeast Asia What's a reason why the US refused to accept more Jewish refugees in the late 1930s? - The US was burdened with the effects of the Great Depression Which of the following statements correctly describes the goal of Hitler's "Final Solution"? - to murder all European Jews What factors helped the Allies win WWII? - controlling wartime production goals at home What was the main goal of the D-Day invasion? - to force Hitler's immediate surrender How did collaboration of Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin help end WWII? - they adopted unified strategy to defeat the Axis powers in Europe Rationing and war bond drives were two ways that the Allies... - made sure they had the resources needed to support the war effort The US declared war on Japan in 1941, why did it take until 1945 to defeat Japan? - the Allies agreed to concentrate first on the war in Europe How did the new technology of splitting the atom end WWII? - US scientists created a new bomb that was used against Japan The UN was formed primarily to... - prevent future wars Which group did the Nuremburg Laws target? - German Jews What was part of the Allied campaign to defeat Japan? - island-hopping campaign What happened two days prior to to France and Great Britain declaring war on Germany? - the invasion of Poland What role did climate play in the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union? - German troops were unprepared for the Soviet winter How was the US economy affected by the war effort? - consumer spending boomed What was the purpose of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising? - to stop the Nazis from sending Jews to death camps Which of these was a postwar economic impact of WWII in Europe? - factories and infrastructures were destroyed Which of these was a consequence of Operation Sea Lion? - Britain became stronger in its resolve to stand up against Germany Which leader tried to expand his country's territory by attacking independent countries in Africa? - Benito Mussolini In what country did the Bataan Death March take place? - Philippines Germany's surrender on May 8th 1945 was known as... - V-E Day Which of the following was not an Axis Power? - China What does this image suggest about Western powers during WWII? - they were willing to put aside their ideological differences in order to defeat Germany Why was the Battle of the Bulge a turning point? - it was that last time Nazi forces went on the offense Which of these events caused the US to enter WWII? - Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Which event happened first when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union? - Hitler uses blitzkrieg in the Soviet Union Which endeavor allowed the US to make threats about the atomic bomb? - The Manhattan Project Popular name for women who worked in war industries during WWII - Rosie the Riveter policy of giving in to an aggressors demands in order to keep the peace - appeasement code name for the project to build the first atomic bomb during WWII - Manhattan Project agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations promised not to fight each other and to divide up land in Eastern Europe - Nazi-Soviet Pact an international organization formed 1945 at the end of WWII - United Nations (UN) confinement during wartime - internment code name for June 6th, 1944 the day that Allied forces invaded France during WWII - D-Day A series of acts passed by the US congress from 1935 to 1939 that aimed to keep the US from becoming involved in WWII - Neutrality Acts series of war crimes trials held in Germany after WWII - Nuremburg Trials agreement in which FDR and Winston Churchill set goals for the defeat of Nazi Germany and for the postwar world - Atlantic Charter