NUR235 Respiratory Disease Processes

What is asthma?

Chronic, inflammatory disorder of the airways.

What are ten (10) risk factors for asthma?

(1) Allergies, (2) Air pollution, (3) Cold air, (4) Exercise, (5) Emotional stress, (6) Parasympathetic stimulation, (7) Medications, (8) Occupational exposures, (9) Viral infections, and (10) Genetics.

What are twelve (12) manifestations of asthma?

(1) Anxiety,

(2) Airway obstruction,

(3) Accessory muscles,

(4) Cough,

(5) Chest tightness,

(6) Dyspnea,

(7) Pallor/Cyanosis/Confusion/Lethargy,

(8) Prolonged expiratory phase,

(9) Restlessness,

(10) Respiratory failure,

(11) Tripod position,

(12) Wheezing.

What are six (6) nursing actions for asthma?

(1) ABCs, (2) Positioning, (3) Monitor RR, (4) Administer oxygen, (5) Monitor cardiac rate/rhythm, (6) Bed rest.

What is COPD (2)?

(1) Emphysema and (2) Chronic bronchitis.

True or False?

Most clients who have emphysema also have chronic bronchitis.

True.

True or False?

COPD is reversible.

True.

What is chronic bronchitis?

Inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchi.

What are four (4) risk factors for chronic bronchitis?

(1) Smoking, (2) Environmental pollutants, (3) Men older than 50 years of age, and (4) Urban/industrialized areas.

What are eight (8) manifestations of chronic bronchitis?

(1) Cough, (2) SOB, (3) Cyanosis, (4) High PaCO2, (5) Disorientation, (6) Headache, (7) Photophobia, and (8) Gray/yellow/white mucous.

What are six (6) nursing actions for chronic bronchitis?

(1) ABCs, (2) Positioning, (3) Low-flow oxygen PRN, (4) Chest physiotherapy, (5) Rest, and (6) Hydration.

What is emphysema?

Major damage to alveoli.

What are six (6) risk factors for emphysema?

(1) Smoking, (2) Pollution, (3) Family Hx, (4) Substance use, (5) HIV, and (6) Childhood pulmonary infections.

What are eleven (11) manifestations of emphysema?

(1) Anorexia, (2) Cough, (3) Dyspnea, (4) Weight loss, (5) Decreased muscle mass, (6) Weakness, (7) Restlessness, (8) Confusion, (9) Tachycardia, (10) Decreased/absent lung sounds, and (11) Peripheral cyanosis/clubbing.

What are seven (7) nursing actions for emphysema?

(1) ABCs, (2) Humidifier at night, (3) Controlled coughing, (4) Orthopneic position, (5) Pursed-lip breathing, (6) Avoid infection, and (7) Rest.

What is pneumonia?

Infection and inflammation of lung parenchyma.

What are thirteen (13) risk factors for pneumonia?

(1) Asthma, (2) Aspiration, (3) Admission, (4) Compromised immune system, (5) COPD, (6) Confinement to bed, (7) Drug dependence, (8) ETOH, (9) Smoking, (10) Suppressed cough reflex, (11) Surgery, (12) Recent pulmonary infections, and (13) Virus spreading to alveoli.

What are twelve (12) manifestations of pneumonia?

(1) Cough, (2) Fever, (3) Pain, (4) SOB, (5) Difficulty breathing, (6) Fatigue, (7) Hypoxia, (8) Dyspnea, (9) Tachypnea, (10) Tachycardia, (11) Hypotension, and (12) Crackles.

What are ten (10) nursing actions for pneumonia?

(1) ABCs,

(2) Positioning,

(3) Encourage coughing,

(4) Administering medications,

(5) Administer oxygen,

(6) Monitor for skin breakdown around nose,

(7) Encourage deep breathing,

(8) Determine physical limitations,

(9) Nutrition/fluid,

(10) Reassure the client.