AP Psychology unit 1 vocab

Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov

A psychologist that is know for his classical conditioning of dogs to salivate. He is a behavioral psychologist

William james

Father of American psychology. He created functionalism which focus on the functions of our behaviors

Jean piaget

Focused on child learning development. He was a developmental psychologist

Charles Darwin

Thought of evolution and the process of natural selection

Scatterplot

A graphed cluster of dots.

Smapling bias

Only having one biased group in a study to lead the answer

Social-culture psychology

Examines the influence of social and cultural environments on behavior

social psychology

the branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole

structuralism

Uses introspection to explore the structure of the human mind. Alot of observation

Random assignment

Assigning participants to expiermetal and control conditions by chance

random sampling

the selection of a random sample; each element of the population has an equal chance of been selected

replication

Repeating the essence of research study, with different participants in different situations, to test the results

placebo effect

any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo; the change is usually beneficial and is assumed result from the person's faith in the treatment or preconceptions about what the experimental drug was supposed to do

population

All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study

psychiatry

the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

Personality psychology

Subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employess recruitment,selection, placement, training, appraisal, etc.

psychometry

any branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements

psychodynamics psychology

Stematic study of the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings, and how theyight relate to early expierences

psychology

the science of mental life

Natural selection

Inherited traits that are favorable will be passed on and if not favorable they will not be passed on

Nature- Nurture issue

A controversy over the relative contributions of gene and environment affect us

independent variable

a variable whose values are independent of changes in the values of other variables

Illusory correlation

A perception of a relationship where there is none

introspection

the contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct

Hypothesis

An educated guess

Hindsight bias

The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome that one would have forseen it

Human factors psychology

Explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environment can be made safe

Expiermental group

The people selected for an expierment

Expierment

A method where we manipulate one factor to observe the effect it has on another factor

Evolutionary psychology

Study of the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection

empiricism

the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience

double-blind procedure

an experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment

Confounding variable

3rd variable that affects both the independent and dependent variable

Control group

The group that stays the same

correlation coefficient

a statistic representing how closely two variables co-vary; it can vary from -1 through 0 to +1

correlation

a reciprocal relation between two or more things

Case study

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing a universal principle

Community psychology

Concerned with a community as a unit

clinical psychology

the branch of psychology concerned with the treatment of abnormal mentation and behavior

Counseling psychology

Asists people with problems with living

cognitive neuroscience

the branch of neuroscience that studies the biological foundations of mental phenomena

cognitive psychology

an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes

Applied research

Scientific study that aims to solve a practical problem

Biopsychosocial psychology

Integrates biology, psychological, and social-culture levels of analysis

Biological psychology

Concerned with the lonk between biology and behavior

behaviorism

an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior

behavioral psychology

Behavorism

Behavioral genetics

The study of how the relative power and limit of genetic and environmental influence on behavior

Mary whinton calkins

Worked with dreams, memory, and the self

Max werthimer

One of 3 founders of gestalt psychology

Wilhelm wundt

The father of psychology. Created structuralism

variable

something that is likely to vary; something that is subject to variation

Survey

A technique for getting self reported attitude and or behaviors of people

theory

an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

Sigmund freud

Founder of psychoanalysis which focuses on the unconscious mind

Regression towards the mean

The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back toward their average

Postive psychology

Study of optimal human function; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

Operational definition

A statement for procedure used to define research variable

Naturalistic observation

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without any influence

Margaret Floy Washburn

Known for her work in animal behavior and motor theory development

Carl rodgers

Believed in the growth of humans and created a client centered therapy

B.F skinner

Created the operant box that studied how rewards and consequences affected our behavior

John B. Watson

Little Albert expierment where he conditioned a child to have a negative reaction to something that was neutral. Thought psychology should only be observable behavior

Industrial Organization Psychology

The application of psychological concepst and methods to optimize human behavior in the workplace

Humanistic psychology

Emphasized the growth potential for healthy people

G. Stanley hall

He focuse on the human lifespan development and evolutionary theories. He was the first to open a psychological lab

functionalism

a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment

Educational psychology

Concerned with children's learning and development

developmental psychology

the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children

Critical thinking

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguements and conclusions

Basic research

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Abraham Maslow

He created the hiearcy of needs