Sexual & Asexual Reproduction - Unit 6 Biology

There are 2 types of reproduction:  __--------__ and __------__ reproduction

1. asexual
2. sexual

\-------- reproduction involves a __single__ parent and results in offspring that are genetically __identical__ to each other and the parent

Asexual

All __-----------__ and some eukaryotes reproduce asexually

prokaryotes

__------__ -------- occurs when a parent cell __splits__ into two identical daughter cells of the same size by pinching apart

Binary fission

__--------__ fission occurs when a multinucleated cell divides to form more than 1 daughter cell

Multiple

o   __-------------__ - occurs when a parent organism breaks into fragments and develops into a new organism (ex. – starfish developing for a single ray, or arm)

Fraagmentation

o   __-------__ – occurs when a parent cell forms a bubble-like bud that stay attached to the parent and grows into a fully developed organism and can then break away

Budding

o   __-------__ – form on some plants where they sent out vine-like structures to produce new plants and become independent when they root in soil

Runners

o   -------- – form of asexual reproduction that creates an organism by “piecing” together parts of different plants to form 1 pant

Grafting

Results of Asexual Reproduction


1. Offspring are genetically --------- to the parents
2. Offspring are genetically identical to each other
3. Offspring have only --- parent
4. The population has very low ------- variation (differences)

1. identical
2. one
3. genetic

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

* can be very __-----__ (bacteria in ideal conditions can divided to produce millions of cells in just a few hours)
* organisms do not have to find a __----__
* requires less __------__ and is useful when resources are limited

1. rapid
2. mate
3. energy

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

* since offspring are genetically identical to their parents, if the environment changes, there are no naturally occurring adaptations to help them deal with the changing conditions, which makes them vulnerable to __----------__
* any genetic problems in the parents are automatically passed to the offspring which can cause large populations with ------- issues
* since populations have the potential to grow rapidly, they can grow too quickly causing resources to be limited, creating increased __-----------__ between individuals for survival

1. extinction
2. genetic
3. competition

\------ reproduction involves __two__ parents and produces reproductive cells called __gametes__ (egg and sperm) that unite to form offspring

sexual

o   Gametes are produced in a type of cell division called __-------__

o   Gametes are __-------__ cells (N) meaning that they only contain __only ----__ of the chromosomes found in other cells

o   Gametes unite during __-------------__ and form a fertilized cell called a __zygote__ which is a __-------__ cell (2N), meaning it contains __-----__ the number of chromosomes as the gamete

1. meiosis
2. haploid
3. half
4. fertilization
5. diploid
6. twice

Results of Sexual Reproduction

o   Offspring are genetically __---------__ from the parents

o   Offspring are genetically different from each other

o   Offspring have __two__ parents

o   The populations have __----__ genetic variation (differences)

1. different
2. high

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

o   An organism must find a suitable __----__

o   Requires more __------,__ meaning organisms must have access to many resources

o   Typically occurs more __------__ than asexual reproduction, meaning sexually reproducing populations grow more slowly

1. mate
2. energy
3. slowly

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction

o   Since offspring are genetically different, they are different from all other individuals in the gene pool which ensures that some will survive changes in the environment, making them less prone to __----------__

o   Makes your different from others in your family and a distinct individual

extinction