arch up to 1400 exam 2

The wooden trabeate or _______________ structure, which developed first in China and then

passed on to Japan, is one of two distinctive features of Chinese architecture.

beam

These [Chinese planning] laws stemmed not only from physical, social or political requirements, but

from a philosophy of design which embraced the _______________ in nature . . . called Feng-shui.

harmony

Here [at the Foguang Temple] are the three basic elements of Chinese and Japanese buildings: a

raised platform, a _______________ wall and a roof.

frame

[T]o extend the eaves overhang without cluttering the interior with columns, [the Chinese] evolved a

clever system: they cantilevered the overhang outwards on clusters of __________ known as kou-tung.

brackets

The [Chinese house] is conceived from _______________ looking out, the opposite of attitude to the

one we find in our Western streets where each house proudly shows off its position, station and beauty

to passers-by.

inside

The silhouette of the [Japanese] pagoda often resembles a _______________ character or the pine

trees that typify Japanese scenery.

calligraphic

Perched above the water and with their white-plastered rendering [or stucco], the [Japanese]

____________________ suggest the movement of a cluster of great white seabirds about to lift off

from a rocky perch.

castles

he teahouses built for . . . the tea ceremony epitomize the cool _______________ of Japanese

module architecture, as do their flower arrangements of a single spray of blossom set against a white

wall.

economy

Like Chinese gardens, [Japanese gardens] represent the _______________ in miniature, but here

art more particularly contrives nature.

world

_______________ and angled holes in [Meso-American] observatories for siting the rise and fall of

celestial bodies give some clue as to how astronomical calculations were made.

tunnels

In contrast to the exteriors, the interiors of [Meso-American] buildings were cramped,

________________ and dark.

windowless

____________________ was a sacred number for the Amerindians, and many pyramids have

[ THE SAME NUMBER OF] basic stages.

nine

The smooth warm dignity of the Turtle House at Uxmal . . . contrasts with the band of

_____________ on the Governor’s Palace [also at Uxmal].

decoration

The chief distinguishing feature of Inca architecture is its large-scale ___________________, built in

courses and tightly jointed without any mortar.

masonry

Machu Picchu not only epitomizes the piercing excitement of architectural experience, but also in the

interaction of man and his __________________ provides a fleeting glimpse of some elemental reality

environment

One of the most aesthetically ______________ bodies of work in the Western European tradition,

[Ancient Greek architecture] was also the foundation of many subsequent styles in different parts of the

world.

perfect

Discarding the _______________ , even though they knew about it and could have used it had they

wished to do so, the [Ancient] Greeks concentrated on perfecting the [column and the lintel].

arch

The [Ancient] Greeks did not use ______________ , but made the bed for the stones slightly

concave, and ground each stone into position with sand to produce hairline joints

mortar

[The Ancient Greeks] ___________________ their buildings, statues and details in what we would

consider garish colors – red, blue and gold – just as the eyes, lips and nipples of their bronze statues

were inlaid with colored stones.

painted

The term “order” is really quite a good one, because it not only implies the organization of the

components of the temple, but it also suggests the satisfying relationship and __________________

that these components bear to each other and to the whole.

proportion

When, in the nineteenth century, [The Parthenon] was measured in detail, it was discovered that

there is scarcely a _______________ line in the whole structure: every surface is hollowed or swollen

or tapered in such a way that the eye can slide along its contours unobstructed by optical distortion, so

that nothing jars, all is harmony.

straight

Especially impressive [in Ancient Greece] was the open space, the agora, which officially the market-

place, gathered around itself the meeting-halls used for government and law. Here, _______________

was born.

democracy

[The Ancient Romans] were robust, practical people with sharp logical minds, who excelled in the

making of laws, in _______________ feats and in administering territories.

engineering

It is therefore not surprising that the architecture built by [the Ancient Romans] was directed to

immediate _________________ purposes rather than aesthetic satisfaction.

practical

Because the orders and classical motifs were no longer required structurally, the way was opened to

playing with the forms ____________________ .

decoratively

The [Ancient] Romans did not have to rely on the post and lintel structure of the [Ancient] Greeks

because they had developed a much more effective method of support in the true _______________ .

arch

The dimensions [of the Pantheon] are exactly planned; the _____________ is a perfect hemisphere,

its radius equal to its height, and it starts its ascent at a height equal to the radius of the drum which

forms the body of the temple.

dome

Public _______________ were either free or cost very little, and were often in sumptuous buildings.

baths

In the public sector, a new type of lofty hall, the _____________ , first appeared in the [Ancient

Roman] city.

basilica