lec 23 energy needs

oil and gas generated from

burial to depths of 2-4km heating the black shale into waxy kerogen, further broken down and oil or gas forms depending on temperature ranges

natural gas

volatile, short-chain hydrocarbons, floats on top of oil, more abundant and cleaner but expensive to use bc of pipelines

natural gas produces

least CO₂, “cleaner” when burned

alternative hydrocarbons

heavy oil/bitumen, very thick tar sands, must be mined and processed

two tons of oil sand must be dug, heated and processed with three barrels of water to make

1 barrel of oil

crude distilled by

heating at different temps to get diff products

efficiency

useful work or energy extracted/work or energy used

maximum efficiency =

(hot temp - cold temp) / hot temp