science topic test

Potential Energy

Energy that has the potential to move; stored energy that can be converted to kinetic energy.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of movement; the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

Circuits

Complete paths through which electricity flows; can be simple or parallel configurations.

Battery

Device that supplies electrical energy.

Ammeter

Instrument that measures the current in a circuit, measured in amperes.

Light Bulb

A device that converts electrical energy into light energy.

Resistor

Component that slows the flow of electricity in a circuit.

Switch

Device used to turn a circuit on or off.

Voltmeter

Instrument used to measure voltage, the difference in electric potential between two points.

Wire

Conductor that allows electrons to pass through in a circuit.

Conduction

Heat transfer through solids where particles are closely packed, involving vibrations passing energy to neighboring particles.

Convection

Heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases) where heated, less dense fluids rise and cooler, denser fluids sink.

Radiation

Heat transfer that occurs through empty space via infrared waves; hotter objects emit more radiation.

Conductors

Materials that transfer heat by conduction, allowing heat to pass through; e.g., metals.

Insulator

Materials that do not transfer heat by conduction, preventing heat from passing through; e.g., cotton, wool.

Current

The flow of electric charge; measured in amperes using an ammeter.

Voltage

The electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts using a voltmeter.

Heat Transfer

The process of thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object.