Chapter(s) 9&10 Vocabulary

United States History Honors vocab review, got most of definitions str8 from the book.

Alliance system

Alliance System

sought to preserve the existing balance of power, every dispute involving any two of these countries threatened to involve all the others.

Militarism

Glorification of the military.

Nationalism

Pride in one's nation and often, beliefs in its superiority

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated in Sarajevo by Slavic nationalists.

Serbia

Killed the Archduke, so Austria-Hungary tried to invade, but Russia and Germany backed Serbia.

Allied Powers

Britain, France, Russia

Central Powers

Germany and Austria-Hungary

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Chemical Warfare

warfare using chemical agents to kill or injure or incapacitate the enemy

Naval Blockade

This blocked the North sea, preventing foreign arms or foodstuffs from reaching Germany

Convoys

a group that travels with something, such as a ship, to protect it

Lusitania

A british passenger ship that had sailed from New York and was just off the Irish coast when it sank

Zimmerman Telegraph

Germany promised the return of New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas to Mexico, if Mexico allied itself with Germany. This telegram was published in US newspapers, and outraged the public.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

Mobilization

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

Conscription

compulsory military service, aka "the draft"

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

United States troops in World War I; including draftees, volunteers, and the National Guard.

Selective Service Act

law requiring men to register for military service

War Industries Board

Coordinated America's wartime manufacturing and set standard specifications for all kinds of goods

Herbert Hoover

31st president, head of the Food administration, tried avoiding the rationing of food.

War Bonds

Certificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war.

Espionage Act

This law created procedures for detecting and imprisoning spies.

Sedition Act

This law made it a crime to use "disloyal" or "abusive language" about the gov't, flag, or Constitution.

Committee of Public Information

government organization that produced propaganda to build support for the war

Euegene Debs

former Socialist candidate for presidency- gave an anti-war speech in Ohio and was arrested

Schneck v. United States

the Supreme court upheld limits on free speech whenever " a clear and present danger" is evident

Oliver Wendel Holmes

former supreme court justice, wrote the unanimous opinion of the court in Schenck v U.S.

German Americans

A person relating to, or descendent of Germany.

conscientious objector

Person who refuses to enter the military or bear arms due to moral or religious reasons

Fourteen points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

War guilt clause

in treaty of Versailles; declared Germany and Austria responsible for WWI; ordered Germany to pay reparation to Allied powers

Great Migration

Thousands of African Americans left the South, with its Jim Crow laws and rural poverty, for cities in the Northeast and Midwest.

Roaring Twenties

the decade of the 1920's which got this nickname because of the times prosperity and excitement

Demobilization

sending home members of the army

Disarmament

Reduction of armed forces and weapons

Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

Palmer Raids

Congressional support to raid houses of radicals believed to have connections to communism

J. Edgar Hoover

The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who investigated and harassed alleged radicals.

Sacco and Vanzetti

In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly

Warren Harding

29th president of the US; Republican; "Return to Normalcy" (life as it had been before WWI-peace, isolation); presidency was marred by scandal

Normalcy

A return to "normal" life after the war.

Quota System

An arrangement placing a limit on the number of immigrants from each country

National Origins Act

Very restrictive immigration legislation passed in 1924, which lowered immigration to 2 percent of each nationality as found in the 1890 census. This lowered immigration dramatically and, almost eliminated immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.

Dawes Plan

Installment plan for Germany, a way to help them pay reparations

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Washington Naval Conference

In 1921, Britain, France, Italy, Japan & US all agreed in partial disarmament of naval battleships

Four Power Treaty

The US, Britain, Japan, and France agreed to respect each other's territories and rights in the Pacific region and to submit any disputes to a "joint conference" of all four powers.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom

An organization founded by women activists in 1919; its members denounced imperialism, stressed the human suffering caused by militarism, and proposed social justice measures.

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

Assembly Line

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Consumerism

a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers

Installment Buying

A consumers buys products by promising to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time

Fundamentalist

A person who believes in the strict interpretation of religious laws

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Volstead Act

law enacted by Congress to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment \-- no alcohol :(

Prohibiton

18th Amendment that banned Alcohol

Nineteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote.

Flappers

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a 'radical' fashion

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

W.E.B. Du Bois

fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP

Marcus Garvey

African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Jazz Age

Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime

Universal Negro Improvement Association

A Harlem-based group, led by charismatic, Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, that arose in the 1920s to mobilize African American workers and champion black separatism.

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties

100 Percent Americanism

Celebrated all things American while it attacked ideas and people that were foreign. A response to the growing influx of foreign immigrants throughout the 1920s.

Rosewood

A racially motivated massacre of several African Americans in a Florida town in 1923 that ignited as a result of a rumor that a black man had assaulted a white woman

Seminole Indians

The Seminole are a Native American people originally of Florida. They have great demand for their alligator hides and furs.