veterinary pharmacology

Veterinary pharmacology

the study and use of drugs in animal healthcare

Materia Medica

the study of the physical and chemical characteristics of materials used as medicine

pharmacotherapeutics

the field that examines the treatments of disease with medicine

pharmacokinetics

the study of the absorption, blood levels, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs

biotransformation

the series of chemical alterations of a drug occurring in the body

drug abuse

IIIicit use of an illegal drug or the improper use of a legal prescription drug

Carcinogenicity

the ability or tendency to produce cancer

teratogenicity

the capacity to cause birth defects

toxicity Evaluation

assessing whether a drug causes convulsions, seizures, or changes in blood pressure, heart rate. respiration rate, sleep, or muscle tension

effective dose

amount of drug that produces a desired effect. the effective dose must cause a defined effect in 50% of the animals that take it.

lethal dose

the dose of a test drug that kills 50% of the animals that take it

margin of safety

the difference in magnitude between a drugs effective dose and lethal dose

systems oriented screen

A test of a drugs effect on a particular physiological system

Generic drug

Determined to be the therapeutic equal of a drug whose patent has expired

Abbreviated New drug application (ANDA)

application of generic equivalent approval

parenteral Drugs

administered by injection

intravenous injection

an injection within the vein; fastest means of getting the medication into the body

capsule

Gelatin shell in disintegrates in water; holds powdered or liquid form of a drug

tablet

molded or compressed medicinal substance with binder included to make a hard mass

powder

Dry granulation containing active drug and insert bulking and flavoring agents

solution

Preparation of the active drug dissolved in liquid

suspension

dispersion containing finely divided insoluble material suspended in water

cream

A nonoily semisolid in which medications are added to be applied to the sling surface

ointment

an oily semisolid in which medications are added to be applied to the skin surface is more protective than creams

lotion

a liquid suspension in which medications are added to be applied to the skin surface

Gases

vaporized from volatile liquids by an anesthetic vaporizer

inhaled drugs

administered as a fine spray and inhaled

fluid ounce

standard unit to measure liquid volume

pound

standard unit to measure weight

liter

metric standard unit to measure liquid volume

milliliter

metric standard unit used to measure liquid volume. one liter is equal to 1,000 milliliters

cubic centimeter

one cubic centimeter is equal to 1ML. the amount of water in cube that is 1 centimeter one every side is one cubic centimeter.

gram

metric standard unit of weight measurement

minim

liquid volume of a drop of water from a standard medicine dropper

spectrum of action

the range of materials for which the antibiotic is effective

strangles

a streptococcal nose and throat infection in horses

Aminoglycoides

specialized antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action used to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections

tetracyclines

Broad-spectrum antibiotics effective again Gram-positive and negative bacteria. may be used to treat pasteurellosis, strangles, leptospirosis, calf, diphtheria, and bovine vibrosis.

chloramphenoicol

A broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat pig scours (diarrhea), kennel cough, and foot rot in sheep

Anthelmintics

drugs that kill worm parasites in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, and circulatory systems

coccidiosis

protozan infection that causes intestinal disorders in various species

interferon

protein substance that stimulates non-infected cells to produce antiviral proteins

antigen

toxic or foreign substance that stimulates as immune response

antineoplastic agents

also known as chemotherapeutic agents. these stop the cancerous actiivity of malignant cells without disturbing the chemistry of healthy cells

hormone

chemical substance produced in one part of the body and transported to another part of the body where it influences and regulates cellular and organ activity

Glucocorticoids

A hormone that raises the liver glycogen and blood sugar in the body used to treat inflammation

Mineralocorticoids

hormone that primarily helps the body to retain sodium and the kidneys to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

infectious keratoconjunctivitis

pink eye

otitis externa

outer ear infection

antipruritic

stops itching

synalar cream

fluocinolone cream; FDA approved to relieve pruritus and inflammation associated with acute and chronic skin disorders, abrasions, and burn in dogs.

tresaderm

Neomycin/ thiabendazole/ dexamethasone solution, FDA approved to treat dogs and cats with bacterial, fungal and inflammatory skin disorders.

Peristalsis

A wavelike contraction of longtiudinal and circular musclr fibers that moves food through the gut

laxative

medicine that loosens the bowl contents and encourages evaculation

vasodilators

drugs that dilate arteries and or/vein; alleviates vessel constriction and improves cardiac output

anticoagulants

blood thinners that can be used to break down clots

Diuretics

drugs that increase volume of urine excreted by the kidneys, thereby promoting the release of water from the tissues

thiazides

diuretics that act directly on the rental tubules to block sodium reabsorption and promote chloride ion excretion

progesterone

female sex hormone produced and secreted after ovulation by he corpus luteum

tranquilizers

drugs that claim anxiety and aggression

neuromuscular blockers

drugs that produce paralysis

competitive nodepolarizers

drugs that block activity at the point where a nerve fibers meets the muscle it affects

Gallamine

A competitive nondepolarizer drug used on all animals