6-3/6-4

Eukaryotes

Organisms with complex cells that have a nucleus and organelles.

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

Binary Fission

A form of asexual reproduction where a single cell divides into two identical cells.

Conjugation

A process where two organisms exchange genetic material.

Endosymbiosis Theory

The theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved through symbiotic relationships between different species of microorganisms.

Mycelium

A large mass of hyphae that constitutes the body of a fungus.

Fruiting Body

A sexual structure in fungi that releases haploid spores.

Slime Molds

Fungus-like protists that feed on decaying organic matter.

Protozoan

Animal-like protists that can be unicellular, such as Paramecium and Amoeba.

Plankton

Small organisms that drift in water, forming the base of ocean food chains.

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic associations between fungal hyphae and plant roots that help exchange nutrients.

Hyphae

Tiny tubes in fungi that transport nutrients and water.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that conduct photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells.

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures that help some protists move.

Pseudopod

Temporary extensions of a cell used for movement and feeding in some protists.

Club Fungus

A type of fungus characterized by mushroom-like fruiting bodies.

Antibiotics

Substances produced by fungi that inhibit the growth of bacteria, e.g., Penicillin.

Fruiting Bodies in Molds

Called sporangium, they produce spores through asexual reproduction.

Imperfect Fungus

Fungi that do not reproduce sexually or do not have observable fruiting bodies.

Nutrient Cycles

Processes that involve the recycling of nutrients in ecosystems, with protists playing important roles as producers and decomposers.

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit, such as fungi helping plants with nutrient absorption.