6-3/6-4

SECTION 6-3: KINGDOM 2 PROTISTS

PART 1: PROTIST FEATURES

A) 1 st Eukaryotes=the 1 st nucleus

B) 1 st organisms with organelles

C) Can be unicellular and are the 1st multicellular

D) Movement types

a) Flagella

b) Cilia

c) Pseudopod= stretching of the cell membrane

PART 2: PROTIST REPRODUCTION

A) Binary Fission

2) Conjugation

3) Fruiting Body= a sexual structure in slime molds that releases haploid

spores (gametes)

PART 3: PROTIST ENERGY

1) Autotrophs doing photosynthesis

2) Heterotrophs doing cellular respiration

Euglena= A protist that has both algae and protozoan characteristics

PART 4: PROTISTS AND EVOLUTION

Stage 1: The Endosymbiosis Theory

1) Bacteria began living inside each other and helped each other survive

(mutualism)

2) One cell gives protection & the other cell gives energy= the evolution

of mitochondria & chloroplasts

Evidence

A) Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have their own DNA and

Ribosomes

B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce like bacteria (binary

fission)

C) Endosymbiosis in modern organisms

Amoeba use bacteria to make energy

Coral and hydra use algae to make energy

Stage 2: Multicellular Evolution

1) Protists began to live in cooperative groups where they all did the

same jobs=a colony

2) Over time the cells in the colony started performing specialized jobs=

The 1 st simple multicellular organisms

Stage 3: Evolution Of Higher Kingdoms

The 3 different types of protists evolved into the 3 higher

kingdoms of life (fungus, plants, and animals)

PART 5: 3 PROTIST TYPES

A) Protozoan= Animal Like Protist (Examples: Paramecium and

Amoeba)

B) Algae= Plant Like Protists

C) Slime Molds= Fungus Like Protists


PART 6: PROTISTS & ECOLOGY

A) Nutrient Cycles

a) Producers (creating half of earths oxygen!)

b) Decomposers

B) Food Webs

Plankton=the foundation of ocean food chains

C) Parasitic Diseases (Examples: Malaria and Dysentary)

D) Mutualism (provide energy, help with digestion)

SECTION 6-4: KINGDOM 3- FUNGUS

PART 1: FUNGUS FEATURES

A) Eukaryotes w/ organelles

B) Unicellular(yeast is 1 cell) or Multicellular

The “Honey Mushroom” is the largest organism ever on Earth=a

fungus in Oregon that is 2200 acres/3.5 miles wide & 2400 years old

C) Evolved 460 mya from slime molds

D) Body Structure

a) Hyphae-tiny tubes that move decomposed nutrients

b) Mycellium- a large mass of hyphae= the fungus body

PART 2: FUNGUS ENERGY

Decomposers- fungus break down material with enzymes and then

absorb the nutrients OR recycle the nutrients back into the ecosystem

PART 3: FUNGUS REPRODUCTION

a) Fruiting Body-(sexual)releases haploid spores

b) budding= asexual cloning

c) regeneration= asexual healing

PART 4: FUNGUS TYPES

Classified by their fruiting bodies and how they reproduce

1) Molds- Fruiting bodies called sporangium

2) Club Fungus- Fruiting Bodies Called Mushrooms

3) Sac Fungus- Fruiting Bodies Called Ascus

4) Imperfect Fungus- Don’t seem to reproduce with fruiting bodies

PART 5: FUNGUS & ECOLOGY

A) Decomposers/Recyclers

B) Parasitic Diseases (examples: athletes foot and ringworm)

C) Food Webs (some are carnivores)

D) Antibiotics (example: Penicillin)

E) Mutualism

Mycorrhizae-unified plant roots and fungus that exchange nutrients(90%

of all plants!!)

F) Mycofiltration= The filtering and purifying of pollution through

fungus mycelium barriers