Chapter 23: TRANSITION METALS AND COORDINATION CHEMISTRY

Chlorophylls

________- are porphyrins that contain Mg (II); are the key components in the conversion of solar energy into forms that can be used by living organisms.

Geometric Isomerism

________- in which the arrangement of the atoms is different but the same bonds are present.

Chelate

________ effect- the trend of generally larger formation constants for bidentate and polydentate ligands.

Optical Isomerism

________- called d enantiomers, are mirror images that can not be superimposed on each other.

Monodentate

________ ligands- ligands having only one donor atom.

Bidentate

________ ligands- ligands having two donor atoms.

Stereoisomers

________- which have the same bonds but different ways in which the ligands occupy the space around the metal center.

Hemoglobin

________- the protein hat transports oxygen in human blood, is made up of four heme- containing subunits, each of which is very similar to myoglobin.

Crystal Field Theory

________- first developed to explain the properties of solid crystalline materials.

Polydentate

________ ligands- ligands have three or more donor atoms.

Ferrimagnetism

________- has both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic characteristics.

Spectrochemical series

________- ligands are arranged in order of their abilities to increase the crystal- field splitting energy.

Ferromagnetism

________- a form of magnetism much stronger than paramagnetism.

Absorption Spectrum

________- the amount of light absorbed by a sample as a function of wavelength.

Ligands

________- the molecules or ions that bond to the metal ion in a complex.

Metallurgy

________- the science and technology of extracting metals from their natural sources and preparing them for practical use.

Myoglobin

________- a globular protein, one that folds into a compact, roughly spherical shape.

Structural Isomers

________- which have different bonds.

Alloy

________- a metallic material composed of two or more elements.

Minerals

________- metallic elements found in nature as solid inorganic compounds.

Prefixes

________ that give the number of ligands are not considered part of the ligand name in determining alphabetical order.

Lewis

It is the bond between a ligand and a metal ion forms as a result of a(n) ________ acid- base interaction.

adjacent atoms

The unpaired electrons align so that the spins in ________ or ions point in opposite directions.

Transition metals

________ owe their location in the periodic table to the filling of the d subshells.

Antiferromagnetism

________- the unpaired electrons on a given atom or ion align so that their spins are oriented in the direction opposite the spin direction on neighboring atoms.

visible spectrum

When an object absorbs some portion of the ________, the color we perceive is the sum of the unabsorbed portions, which are either reflected or transmitted by the object and strike our eyes.

Donor Atom

________- the ligand atom that binds to the central metal ion in a coordination complex.

Porphyrins

________- complexes formed once porphine bonds to a metal ion, the two H atoms on the nitrogens are displaced.

square planar geometry

The ________ is characteristic of transition- metal ions with eight d electrons in the valence shell.

Octahedral crystal field

________- there are six ligands attached to the central transition metal.

Greek prefixes

________ (di,- tri,- tetra,- penta,- hexa)- are used to indicate the number of each kind of ligand when more than one is present.

Paramagnetic

________- a substance in which the atoms or ions have one or more unpaired electrons.

CoF6 ^3

The [________- complex is a high- spin complex; that is, the electrons are arranged so that they remain unpaired as much as possible.

complex ions

In naming ________ or molecules, the ligands are named before the metal.

Secondary Valence

________- the number of atoms bonded to the metal ion.

metal ion

He (Alfred Werner) proposed that any ________ exhibits both a primary valence and a secondary valence.

Coordination sphere isomers

________- are isomers that differ in which species in the complex act as ligands, and which are outside the coordination sphere.

Metal Complexes

________- species that are assemblies of a central transition- metal ion bonded to a group of surrounding molecules or ions.

Coordination Compounds

________- compounds that contain complexes.

crystal field theory

In ________, we consider the ligands to be negative points of charge that repel the negatively charged electrons in the d orbitals of the metal ion.

Transition metals

________ and their compounds often exhibit magnetic properties.

Metal ions

________ have empty valence orbitals, so they can act as Lewis acids.

Ligands

________ are listed in alphabetical order, regardless of their charges.

Transition metals

________ often have more than one stable oxidation state.

Minerals

metallic elements found in nature as solid inorganic compounds

Metallurgy

the science and technology of extracting metals from their natural sources and preparing them for practical use

Mining

removing the relevant ore from the ground

Alloy

a metallic material composed of two or more elements

Magnetic Moment

a property that causes the electron to behave like a tiny magnet

Diamagnetic Solid

all the electrons in a solid are paired, the spin-up and spin-down electrons cancel one another

Paramagnetic

a substance in which the atoms or ions have one or more unpaired electrons

Ferromagnetism

a form of magnetism much stronger than paramagnetism

Ferrimagnetism

has both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic characteristics

Metal Complexes

species that are assemblies of a central transition-metal ion bonded to a group of surrounding molecules or ions

Coordination Compounds

compounds that contain complexes

Alfred Werner

proposed the Werners Theory

Primary Valence

the oxidation state of the metal

Secondary Valence

the number of atoms bonded to the metal ion

Donor Atom

the ligand atom that binds to the central metal ion in a coordination complex

Monodentate ligands

ligands having only one donor atom

Bidentate ligands

ligands having two donor atoms

Polydentate ligands

ligands have three or more donor atoms

Chelating Agents

bidentate and polydentate ligands

Chelate effect

the trend of generally larger formation constants for bidentate and polydentate ligands

Porphyrins

complexes formed once porphine bonds to a metal ion, the two H atoms on the nitrogens are displaced

Myoglobin

a globular protein, one that folds into a compact, roughly spherical shape

Hemoglobin

the  protein hat transports oxygen in human blood, is made up of four heme-containing subunits, each of which is very similar to myoglobin

Chlorophylls

are porphyrins that contain Mg(II); are the key components in the conversion of solar energy into forms that can be used by living organisms

Structural Isomers

which have different bonds

Stereoisomers

which have the same bonds but different ways in which the ligands occupy the space around the metal center

Coordination-sphere isomers

are isomers that differ in which species in the complex act as ligands, and which are outside the coordination sphere

Geometric Isomerism

in which the arrangement of the atoms is different but the same bonds are present

Optical Isomerism

called d enantiomers, are mirror images that cannot be superimposed on each other

Absorption Spectrum

the amount of light absorbed by a sample as a function of wavelength

Crystal-Field Theory

first developed to explain the properties of solid crystalline materials

Octahedral crystal-field

there are six ligands attached to the central transition metal

Crystal-Field Splitting Energy

the energy gap between two sets

Spectrochemical series

ligands are arranged in order of their abilities to increase the crystal-field splitting energy