Chap003_PPT__2__Physiology

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function in the body.

Differentiated Cells

Cells that have developed specialized characteristics.

Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of the cell that maintains its integrity and regulates the entry and exit of substances.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains genetic material and directs cell activities.

Cytoplasm

The part of the cell that consists of organelles suspended in a liquid called cytosol.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion across the cell membrane through ion channels or transporters for substances that are not lipid-soluble.

Active Transport

Movement of substances across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, requiring ATP.

Endocytosis

Movement of a substance into the cell inside a vesicle.

Mitosis

The division of the nucleus during the cell cycle.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm resulting in two daughter cells.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development.

Tumor

An abnormal mass of tissue resulting from uncontrolled cell division.

Stem Cell

A cell that can divide to form new stem cells or differentiate into various specialized cell types.

Progenitor Cell

A partially specialized stem cell that can differentiate into a limited number of specific cell types.

Totipotent

Cells that can specialize to become any cell type, such as a fertilized egg.

Pluripotent

Cells that can become a limited number of cell types during development.