3.8-3.13 AP Government Quiz

substantive due process

the US Constitution protects the public from unwarranted government intrusion infringing upon their FUNDAMENTAL rights

procedural due process

requires government officials to follow fair procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property

Miranda v. Arizona

confession presumed to be involuntary unless suspect fully informed of their rights

Gideon v. Wainwright

extends procedural due process protections to felony defendants in state courts

when is an arrest lawful?

1. the individual being arrested

2. things in plain view

3. things or places under the immediate control of the individual

6th amendment

guarantees rights to people accused of crimes, ensuring a speedy public trial with an impartial jury, etc.

metadata

all the cell phone communication info minus the actual convo

patriot act

gave broad searching authority to govt. (post 9/11 has been paired back)

freedom act

makes it harder for govt. to obtain metadata, requires the govt. to acquire a warrant to examine the metadata

exclusionary rule

idea comes from incorporating the Fourth Amendment (search and seizures) and the Fifth Amendment (protection against incrimination)

civil rights

policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by govt. officials or individuals

14th amendment

guarantees citizenship to anyone born or naturalized and prohibits states from denying anyone “equal protection of the laws” or “due process”

Roe v. Wade

protected the right to have an abortion

Dobbs v. Jackson

federal right to an abortion is struck down, issue now up to each state

Brown v. Board of Education

unanimous decision that stated separated schools can never be equal (overturned Plessy v. Ferguson)

1964 Civil rights act

banned discrimination in public places and in hiring

24th amendment

outlawed poll taxes

Plessy v. Ferguson

separate but equal was ok (still segregation)

Shaw v reno

redistricting on the basis of race is unconstitutional

affirmative action

attempt to create an equal environment