statistics 11-1: finals

descriptive

statistical procedure concerned with describing characteristics and properties of a group of persons, places, or things

inferential

statistical procedure that is used to draw inferences or information about the properties or characteristics of a large group of people, places, or things

population

collection of all individuals, items, or data under consideration in a statistical study

sample

part of the population from which information is collected

variables

quantities that take any one of the specified set of values

data

facts, or a set of information or observation under study

qualitative

categorical data

quantitative

data which are numerical in nature

discrete

data obtained from counting

continuous

data obtained from measuring

measurement

the act or process of assigning numbers to objects according to a rule

nominal

classifies data into mutually exclusive (non-overlapping), exhausting categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data

ordinal

classifies data into categories that can be ranked, however, precise difference between the ranks do not exist

interval

classifies data into a ranking with zero having a significant meaning

ratio

classifies data into a ranking where zero has absolutely no value

slovin's formula for sample size (n)

n = N / 1 + Ne^2

slovin's formula for population size (N)

N = n / 1 - ne^2

slovin's formula for margin of error (e)

e = sqrt N - n / Nn

probability

sampling wherein each of the population has an equal of being selected as members of the sample

random

sampling using no method

systematic

sampling where every nth element of the population is a member of the sample

stratified

the population is divided into subpopulations and random samples are taken of each stratum

cluster

population is divided into clusters then randomly selecting a sample of these clusters

non-probability

sampling technique wherein number of the sample are drawn from the population based on the judgement of the researcher

convenience

uses results or data that are conveniently and readily obtained

quota

the proportions of various subgroups in the population are determined and the sample is drawn to have same percentage in it

purposive

the researcher chooses the sample based on who they think would be appropriate for the study

mean formula

sum of values ÷ number of values

midrange formula

( lowest value + highest value ) ÷ 2