Anatomy Test: Reproduction

Penis

Organ that delivers semen to the female reproductive tract

Interstitial Cells

Site of testosterone production

Vas Deferens

Passageway from epididymis to ejaculatory duct; several in vasectomy

Urethra

Conveys both sperm and urine down to the length of the penis

Scrotum

External skin sac that houses the testes

Epididymis

Tubular storage site for super; hugs the lateral aspect of the testes

Prepuce

Cuff of skin encircling the glans penis; removed during circumcision

Prostate Gland

Surrounds the urethra at the base of the bladder; produces a milky

Seminal Vesicles

Produces over half of the seminal fluid

Bulbourethral Glands

Produces a lubricating mucus that cleanses the urethra

Testes

Main organ fo male reproductive system (testicle)

Ejaculatory Duct

Part of duct system between seminal vesicles and urethra

Seminiferous Tubules

Where spermatogenesis takes place

Spermatogenesis results in how many chromosomes

73

Is this haploid or diploid (spermatogenesis)

Haploid

How many sperm are produced form a single spermatogonium?

4

Prostate Glands

Produces a milky fluid that helps with activating sperm

Seminal Vesicles

Produces over half of the seminal fluid; fructose to nourish sperm

Semen

Composed of sperm and various seminal fluids

Bulbourethral Glands

Produces a lubricating mucus that cleanses urethra

Seminiferous Tubules

Produces sperm

Path of sperm from the testis

seminiferous tubules → epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra → penis

Vagina

Canal that receives the penis during sexual intercourse

Uterus

Chamber that houses the developing fetus

Fallopian tubes

Duct through which the ovum travels to reach the uterus

Cervix

Inferior neck like portion of the uterus leading to the vagina

Ovaries

Primary female reproductive organ

Fimbriae

Waves to make current to draw egg into uterine tubes

What is the alternate term for the fallopian tube?

Oviduct (uterine tube)

Perimetrium

External lining around the uterus

Endometrium

Lining of the uterus

Myometrium

Muscular layer of the uterus; labor contractions

Uterus

Organ containing the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

What is oogenesis?

Process of egg ovum production in females

What division process occurs in oogenesis

When uterine lining rebuilds itself

HOw many chromosomes are in the cells produced by human oogenesis?

Egg is released from ovary

What is the number of chromosomes called?

Haploid

What is mitosis?

One cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells

What is meiosis?

Four genetically distinct daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Menstrual Phase

Beginning day 1 in cycle

Proliferation phase

Begins about day 5 when menstrual flow stops

Secretory Phase

Endometrium increases in thickness and vascularity

Menstrual Phase

Functional layer of endometrium sloughed

Proliferation Phase

Regeneration of functional layer

Secretory Phase

Uterine lining ready for implantation of fertilized egg

Menstrual Phase

Woman experiences menstrual flow (period)

Progesterone

Causes endometrial glands to begin secretion of nutrients

Progesterone

Glands producing this hormone are formed in endometrium

Progesterone

Lack of this causes blood vessels to kink and endometrium to slough off

Estrogen and Progesterone

Maintains myometrium in inactive state if embryo implantation occurred

Estrogen

Responsible for secondary sex characteristics of females

Estrogen

Endometrium is repaired and grows thick and velvety

Oogenesis results in how many chromosomes

23

How many ova are produced from a single primary oocyte

1 ovum

What is the event when an egg is released form the corpus luteum?

Ovulation

Grafican follicle

Growing follicle with maturing oocyte

Raptured follicle

Transformed into corpus luteum

Primary Follicle

Primary/immature oocyte and surrounding cells

Ovulation

Mature egg ruptures from follicle

Primary oocyte

Lifetime supply present at birth, inactive until puberty

Ovum

Haploid egg cell

Corpus Luteum

Degenerates if egg not fertilized

3 phases of menstrual cycle

Menstrual, Proliterative, Secretory

Fertilization

Egg fertilized by sperm inside body

In vitro fertilization

Egg fertilized by sperm outside body; “test tube baby”

Infertility

Failure to conceive or carry pregnancy to full term

Gamete intrafamiliar transfer

Gynecology/obstetrics specializing in hormones and infertility

Fertility drugs reproductive endocrinology and infertility

Medications to enhance female’s ability to produce eggs

Artificial insemination

Woman injected with specially prepared sperm

Ovarian cancer

Cancer in egg-producing organ; abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge

Testicular Cancer

Cancer in sperm-producing organ occurs mainly in males ages 15-34

Breast cancer

Screened by manual exam or mammogram-x-ray

Prostate cancer

Slow growing cancer, most common a type of male reproductive cancer

Main effect of testosterone and estrogen during puberty in males and females

They stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics

Menopause

Ending of menstrual

Menarche

First menstrual period

Andropause

Male “menopause,” drop in testosterone with age