CHAPTERS 2.11 AND 2.12 - AP HUG Unit 2 Test

types of migration

forced and voluntary

what is forced migration and some examples?

people are forced to leave an area, refugees, enslaved people, victims of human trafficking, people fleeing from climate disasters, Syrian refugees

what is voluntary migration and some examples?

people move by choice, for work or school, rural to urban, interregional and intraregional migration, Indian engineers moving to the US

what are IDPs

internationally displaced persons - someone who has been forced to leave their home but are still within their country and don’t cross an international border

what are refugees

people who have been forced to leave their country and are seeking safety in another

what is asylum

protection granted by a country to an immigrant from another country that is in real danger if they return to their home country

economic causes of migration

jobs, higher wages, cost of living (ex- rural workers to cities in china)

social causes of migration

family ties, better schools, safer communities

political causes of migration

war, persecution, unstable government (ex- afghan refugees)

environmental causes of migration

droughts, floods, rising sea levels (ex - pacific islanders relocating)

what are intervening obstacles and examples?

barriers that can stop/slow migration. natural barriers/geographical distance, immigration laws/border controls, financial costs/lack of resources, cultural and language differences. Even when pull factors are strong, the US - Mexico border and visa restrictions can prevent migration even when pull factors are strong

effects of migration on the origin country and examples

brain drain: skilled workers leaving (doctors leaving Nigeria)

reduced population pressure in overcrowded areas

remittances: the money sent home supports families and local economy

cultural changes as families split across borders

effects of migration on the destination country and examples

larger workforce and economic growth

cultural diversity and innovation

strain on housing, schools, healthcare

social tension or debate over immigration policies

example - immigrants working in the US farm and tech sectors, Syrian refugees in Europe

name some global migration patterns

most migration happens within regions (latin america to US, Africa to Europe)

urban areas attract migrants bc of their jobs and services

net in-migration regions (North America, Europe, Oceania)

net out-migration regions (Asia, Africa, Latin America)

what is net in-migration and net out-migration

net in: more people move into the area than leave it (population increase)

net out: more people leave the area than move into it(population decrease)

interregional vs intraregional migration

interregional: movement in same country (often crossing state borders)

intraregional: movement in same region