APUSH Term Quiz 7c (Mr.Cole)

London Economic Conference

66 nation economy conference to stable international currency rates. FDR removed the US, which deepened the world economic crisis.

Good Neighbor Policy

Departure from Roosevelt corollary to Monroe Doctrine; stressed nonintervention in Latin America (started with Hoover but associated with FDR)

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

Reversed high-protective tariff policies, allowing president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners without senate

Rome-Berlin Axis

Nazi Germany and fascist Italy allied under this treaty signed because both countries intervened on behalf of Francisco Franco (fascist) during Spanish Civil War

Johnson Debt Default Act

Steeped in ugly memories of WW1, spiteful act prevented nations with debt from borrowing further from US

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937

short sighted acts passed to prevent American participation in a European war, prevented US from selling munitions to foreboding belligerents

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

idealistic American volunteers who served in Spanish Civil War, defending Spanish republican forces from Franco's coup. 3k Americans served

Quarantine Speech

FDR speech calling for "positive endeavors" to quarantine land-hungry dictators through economic embargoes. Speech slapped the face of isolationists.

Appeasement

policy by Britain and France at 1938 **Munich Conference** to avoid war, allowed Germany to take Sudetendland from Czechoslovakia

Hitler-Stalin Pact

treaty signed on August 23, 1939, Germany and USSR agreed to not fight each other, paving way for Germany to be aggressive to Poland and West Europe

Neutrality Act of 1939

stipulated that European democracies buy american munitions if they paid in cash and transport with own ships. Effort to avoid war debt for US

Kristallnacht

"night of broken glass" referring to murderous pogrom destroying Jewish business and synagogues, sending thousand to concentration camps, many tried to go to US but laws were still too strict

War Refugee Board

US agency to rescue Jews from German territories and relieve inmates in camp. Started too late and millions already died, still noble agency

America First Committee

Isolationist group opposing US intervention in ww2, died out after pearl harbor

Lend-lease Bill

abandoned neutrality pretense allowing Americans to sell supplies of arms to nations against Axis. praised as a way of keeping US out of WW2

Atlantic Charter

meeting on Warship between FDR and Winston Churchill-outlined path toward disarmament, peace, secuirty, and raised awareness of human right

Pearl Harbor

US Naval Base in Hawaii territory, Japanese warplanes bombed US ships (3k casualties) brought US into WW2

Benito Mussolini

fascist leader of Italy, launched them into WW2 on Axis power side, making him a close ally to Hitler

Adolf Hitler

Nazi dictator of Germany, mastermind behind Holocaust, provoked WW2

Francisco Franco

fascist leader of Spain, following Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975

Cordell Hull

secretary of state under FDR, architect of reciprocal trade policy, increased foreign trade, architect of UN, nobel peace prize winner in 1945 for UN

Wendell L. Willkie

Businessman who lost to FDR in the 1940 presidential election by a landslide; “rich man’s roosevelt”

ABC-1 Agreement

Agreement with Britain that adopted the strategy to defeat Germany before concentrating on Japan

Executive Order 9066

2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion

War Production Board

Converted factories from civilian to military production. Manufacturing output tripled.

Office of Price Administration

WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation

National War Labor Board

helped resolve labor disputes that might slow down war production.

Smith-Connally Anti-strike Act

This authorized the federal government to seize industries and made strikes against government operated industry a criminal offense

WAC (Woman’s army Corps)

a member of the Women's Army Corp that was organized during World War II but is no longer a separate branch

WAVES (Women Accepted For Volunteer Emergency Service)

Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy

SPARs (US Coast guard Woman’s reserve)

Woman serving in the Coast guard

Bracero Program

Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers to meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947.

FEPC (Fair Employment Practices Commission)

prohibited discrimination in any government-related work; increased black employment

CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)

Civil rights organization started in 1944 and best known for its "freedom rides," bus journeys challenging racial segregation in the South in 1961.

Code Talkers

Indians who transmitted messages in their native languages; languages which the Germans and Japanese could not understand

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

D-Day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

Battle of the Bulge

A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II.

V-E Day

Victory in Europe Day (when the germans surrendered)

Potsdam Conference

July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

V-J day

Victory in Japan day

A. Phillip Randolph

He proposed a march on Washington to protest discrimination in hiring in the defense industry.

Douglas MacArthur

American forces led by General Douglas MacArthur, gradually moved north torward Japan (started in philippines)

Chester W. Nimitz

U.S. Navy admiral who was commander in chief of the Pacific naval forces for the United States and its allies during World War II. He strategized the important victories in the Battles of Midway and the Coral Sea.

Dwight D. Esienhower

American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe.

Harry Truman

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

Albert Einstein

smart german guy with crazy hair

General Patton

smacked a recruit that was having PTSD and got sent home for a bit but came back.