C9,10,11 Organic Reactions & Polymers (Incomplete!)

Alkanes have a __ carbon bond

single

Alkenes have a __ carbon bond

double

alkane general formula

C_nH_2n+2

first 4 alkanes, with chemical formulae and displayed formulae

General formula for alkenes

C_nH_2n

_{Twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms.}

Alkenes have a ___ bond

C=C double carbon bond

First 4 alkenes, with formulas

Alkanes and alkenes are

Hydrocarbons.

Word equation for complete combustion of any hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

Word equation for incomplete combustion of alkenes

alkene + oxygen → carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

red = extra bit for incomplete. The black bit is the same as complete combustion.

The functional group is

The functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule which determine how that molecule typically reacts

Func. group of alkenes is

C=C

so they all react similarly

Most of the time, alkenes react via ___

alkenes mostly react via Addition reactions

In an addition reaction, what happens?

The C=C double bond will open up

to leave a single bond

and a new atom is added to each carbon

Addition of hydrogen to an alkene is known as

In hydrogenation, what happens?

Describe the reaction of a halogen and an alkene

How can you test for alkenes?

When ORANGE bromine water is added to any saturated compound, like an alkane, no reaction happens.

But when added to an alkene the bromine will add across the double bond, making a COLOURLESS solution. you MUST SHAKE to make it work.

What happens when steam reacts with alkenes

Alcohols are formed.

Water is added across the double bond. There should be a catalyst.

Polymers are long molecules, for4med when lots of small molecules called __ join together.

monomers

monomers → polymer is a reaction called

Polymerisation

Plastics are made up of __

usually __ based

monomers are often __

Plastics are made up of POLYMERS

usually CARBON based

monomers are often ALKENES

The monomers that make up addition polymers have a ___

they are __ monomers

The monomers that make up addition polymers have a double covalent bond

they are unsaturated monomers

When they become polymers, going through addition polymerisation, what happens?