study guide 1 part 4

How many times is DNA replicated in mitosis and meiosis?

Both replicate DNA once during interphase before division.

What type of cell and how many chromosomes are in the parent cell for mitosis?

Diploid somatic cell, 46 chromosomes (2n)

What type of cell and how many chromosomes are in the parent cell for meiosis?

Diploid reproductive stem cell, 46 chromosomes (2n)

How many cell divisions occur in mitosis vs. meiosis?

Mitosis: 1 division; Meiosis: 2 divisions

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis vs. meiosis?

Mitosis: 2 daughter cells; Meiosis: 4 daughter cells

What type of daughter cells are produced in mitosis vs. meiosis?

Mitosis: somatic, identical; Meiosis: gametes, non-identical

How many chromosomes do daughter cells have in mitosis vs. meiosis?

Mitosis: 46 (2n); Meiosis: 23 (n, haploid)

Define haploid (n).

Cell with half the chromosomes (23 in humans; gametes)

Define diploid (2n)

Cell with full set of chromosomes (46 in humans; somatic cells)

Define somatic cell.

Any body cell except gametes (e.g., muscle, skin, liver)

Define gamete.

Sex cell with haploid chromosomes (sperm or egg)

Give a quick example of mitosis.

Skin cell divides → 2 identical skin cells (46 chromosomes each)

Give a quick example of meiosis.

Sperm cell divides → 4 sperm cells (23 chromosomes each, genetically unique)