AP psych - Neurotransmitters

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Neurotransmitters

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AP psychology - all about neurotransmitters

27 Terms

1

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers in the brain that transmit signals between neurons.

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2

Reuptake

The process by which neurotransmitters return to the presynaptic neuron after sending a message.

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3

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Chemicals that increase neural firing in the receiving cell.

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4

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Chemicals that decrease neural firing in the receiving cell.

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5

Serotonin

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, eating, and aggressive behaviors.

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6

Mood disorders

Conditions that can arise from low serotonin levels, such as depression and anxiety.

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7

Norepinephrine

An excitatory neurotransmitter involved in the fight or flight response and stress.

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8

Adrenaline

Another name for norepinephrine, which increases heart rate and stimulates respiration.

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9

Acetylcholine (ACH)

An excitatory neurotransmitter that regulates skeletal muscle contractions and memory formation.

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10

Glutamate

An excitatory neurotransmitter that enhances transmission between neurons.

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11

GABA

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that balances excitatory messages and regulates the sleep-wake cycle.

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12

Endorphins

Natural opiates that regulate pain perception and are linked to positive emotions.

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13

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter involved in motor movements, attention, learning, and emotional arousal.

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14

Substance P

A neurotransmitter that modulates pain and causes smooth muscle contraction.

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15

Hormones

Chemical messengers released by glands in the endocrine system that affect various bodily functions.

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16

Melatonin

A hormone that regulates circadian rhythms and promotes sleepiness.

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17

Ghrelin

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that signals hunger.

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18

Leptin

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that signals fullness.

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19

Oxytocin

A hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and lactation.

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20

Dependence

The mental or physical need for a drug to function.

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21

Addiction

Compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences.

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22

Withdrawal

Discomfort and distress following the discontinuation of an addictive substance.

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23

Tolerance

The need for increasing amounts of a drug to achieve the same effect due to brain chemistry adaptation.

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24

Depressants

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions, such as alcohol and opioids.

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25

Stimulants

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions, such as cocaine and caffeine.

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26

Hallucinogens

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images without sensory input, like LSD and marijuana.

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27

Opioids

Drugs derived from opium that depress neural activity and lessen pain and anxiety, such as heroin and morphine.

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