W.6.2- Shoulder Muscles and Anatomy

A set of 100 vocabulary flashcards covering key terminology and definitions related to shoulder muscles and anatomy.

Axioscapular Muscles

Muscles that connect the trunk to the girdle, including trapezius, serratus anterior, rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.

Axiohumeral Muscles

Muscles that connect the trunk to the limb, including pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.

Scapulohumeral Muscles

Muscles that connect the girdle to the limb, including deltoid, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor.

Trapezius

An axioscapular muscle that stabilizes and moves the scapula.

Serratus Anterior

An axioscapular muscle that helps to protract and stabilize the scapula against the thorax.

Rhomboids

Axioscapular muscles that retract the scapula, comprised of major and minor.

Levator Scapulae

An axioscapular muscle that elevates the scapula.

Pectoralis Minor

An axioscapular muscle that stabilizes the scapula and helps in scapular movement.

Subclavius

An axioscapular muscle that stabilizes and depresses the clavicle.

Pectoralis Major

An axiohumeral muscle that performs flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus.

Latissimus Dorsi

An axiohumeral muscle that extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus.

Deltoid

A scapulohumeral muscle involved in abduction, flexion, and extension of the shoulder.

Teres Major

A scapulohumeral muscle that assists with adduction and medial rotation of the humerus.

Supraspinatus

A rotator cuff muscle that initiates abduction of the arm.

Infraspinatus

A rotator cuff muscle responsible for lateral rotation of the arm.

Subscapularis

A rotator cuff muscle that medially rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.

Teres Minor

A rotator cuff muscle that facilitates lateral rotation of the arm.

Rotator Cuff

A group of scapulohumeral muscles that stabilize the glenohumeral joint.

Glenohumeral Joint

The ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder formed by the humeral head and glenoid cavity.

Medial Pectoral Nerve

Innervates the pectoralis minor and part of the pectoralis major.

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Innervates the rhomboids and levator scapulae.

Accessory Nerve (CNXI)

Innervates the trapezius muscle.

Long Thoracic Nerve

Innervates the serratus anterior.

Thoracodorsal Nerve

Innervates the latissimus dorsi.

Lower Subscapular Nerve

Innervates the teres major and part of the subscapularis.

Axillary Nerve

Innervates the deltoid and teres minor.

Rotatory Movements

Movements produced by equal forces applied to an object at different points.

Scapulothoracic Position

The position relating to the interaction between the scapula and the thoracic wall.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body.

Medial Rotation

Rotational movement toward the midline of the body.

Lateral Rotation

Rotational movement away from the midline of the body.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Dynamic Ligaments

Stabilizing structures that can produce movement, such as the rotator cuff.

Inferior and Medial Position

Refers to the positioning of certain muscles relative to the joint they act upon.

Flexion (Clavicular Head)

A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts, particularly at the shoulder.

Extends from Flexed Position (Sternal Head)

Describes the action of the pectoralis major when transitioning from a flexed to an extended position.

Origin

The fixed attachment point of a muscle.

Insertion

The movable attachment point of a muscle.

Neurovascular Supply

The network of nerves and blood vessels that supply muscle tissues.

Action

The specific movement produced by a muscle upon contraction.

Joint Crossed

Refers to the anatomical relationship between a muscle and the joint it operates over.

Posterior View

The perspective from the back of the body, often used in muscle anatomy.

Action Benefits

Understanding the actions of the shoulder muscles aids in diagnosing and treating shoulder injuries.

Clinically Oriented Anatomy

A textbook that provides an application-focused approach to anatomy.

Musculotendinous Rotator Cuff

Describes the integrated muscle and tendon structure that stabilizes the shoulder joint.

Scapula

The shoulder blade, which is pivotal for shoulder joint mechanics.

Humerus

The bone of the upper arm, which connects to the shoulder.

Stability

The ability of a joint to maintain its position and integrity during movements.

Rehabilitation

A process aimed at restoring function and movement following an injury.

Biomechanics

The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms.

Shoulder Girdle

The skeletal structure connecting the arm to the axial skeleton, including the scapula and clavicle.

Neuroanatomy

The study of the nervous system's anatomy and its impact on muscle function.

Trauma

An injury to the body, often necessitating examination of shoulder muscles.

Pathology

The study of diseases and their effects on the body.

Muscle Hypertrophy

The increase in muscle mass through exercise and other factors.

Muscle Atrophy

The decrease in muscle mass and strength.

Impingement Syndrome

A condition resulting from the compression of shoulder muscles, often requiring specific muscular evaluation.

Surgical Anatomy

The anatomical knowledge necessary for surgical procedures, especially around the shoulder.

Anatomical Position

A standard position of the body used as a reference point in anatomy.

Range of Motion

The range through which a joint can be moved.

Patient Assessment

The examination of a patient to determine the nature of their condition.

Physiotherapy

Therapeutic treatment using physical methods to rehabilitate patients.

Orthopedics

The branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.

Movement Mechanics

The mechanics involved in the movement of joints and muscles.

Shoulder Injuries

Common injuries affecting the shoulder, often related to the rotator cuff.

Protraction

Movement of a body part forward; in the case of the scapula, it moves laterally away from the spine.

Retraction

Moving a body part backward; in the shoulder girdle, scapular retraction pulls the scapula toward the spine.

Scapular Rotation

Movement of the scapula that occurs in different planes, important for shoulder mobility.

Shoulder Flexibility

The ability of the shoulder joints to move through a full range of motion.

Joint Stability

The ability of a joint to maintain its position and resist displacement.

Biomechanical Analysis

The evaluation of movement patterns and forces exerted during activities.

Clinical Assessment Techniques

Methods used to assess muscle and joint function.