7.2 Language

Vocab and Notes

Language

a communication system involving words and semantic rules those words use to transit information from one individual to another

concepts of language

lexicon and grammar

lexicon

the words/vocabulary of a language

Grammar

the set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of lexicon

parts of grammar

syntax and semantics

semantics

refers to the process by which we derive from morphemes and words

Parts of semantics

phoneme, the basic sounds of a given language, and morphemes, phonemes combined

syntax

the way words are organized into sentances

B.F. Skinner proposed what about language

that it is learned by reinforcement

Noam Chomsky disapproved of B.F. Skinner because?

he believed that underlying mechanisms language acquisition are biologically determined

Chomsky believed language to be biological because

the acquisition of language is taught without the use of formal instruction following similar pattern in children across cultures

During he early years of life

language acquisition is maximal, the ease of language learning dwindling over time

0-3 months

Reflexive communication

3-8 months

reflexive communication; interest in others (babbling occurs)

8-13 months

Intentional communication; sociability (babbling occurs)

12-18 months

First words, leads to one word stage of development, knowing more than one word, only uttering one word at a time, limited to familiar objects/ events

18-24 months

simple sentencing of two words, acquiring language at a rapid pace, beginning to identify syntax grammar

2-3 years

sentences of three or more words

3-5 years

complex sentences; has conversation

What does “Habits in Language, encourage habits in thoughts”

ideas can e described differently in various languages influencing differing ways of thinking among different cultures

How do the sides of the brain differ in regards to language?

the right side (creative) is less affected by linguistic influences on perception