AP World History Unit 9 Globalization

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; military alliance formed to maintain international security.

United Nations

International organization founded to promote peace, security, and cooperation globally.

International Criminal Court

Court based in The Hague that prosecutes war crimes and crimes against humanity.

NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)

Organizations like Amnesty International and Doctors Without Borders that provide aid and monitor human rights.

Persian Gulf War (1991)

Conflict where UN forces expelled Iraqi troops from Kuwait after Iraq invaded under Saddam Hussein.

Saddam Hussein

Iraqi dictator who invaded Kuwait in 1990 and was ousted from power in 2003 by US-led coalition.

Iraq War (2003)

US-led invasion to remove Saddam Hussein and establish a democratic government in Iraq.

Jalal Talabani

First Kurdish president of Iraq, elected after the fall of Saddam Hussein.

Nouri al-Maliki

Shia politician who became Prime Minister of Iraq post-2005 democratic elections.

Taliban

Islamic fundamentalist regime that ruled Afghanistan and sheltered Al Qaeda.

Al Qaeda

Terrorist organization led by Osama bin Laden responsible for the 9/11 attacks.

Osama bin Laden

Leader of Al Qaeda; orchestrated the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

September 11 Attacks

Al Qaeda hijacked planes and attacked the World Trade Center and Pentagon, killing 3,000 people.

War on Terror

U.S. campaign to combat terrorism globally, beginning with the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001.

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

Trade agreement among the US, Canada, and Mexico to reduce trade barriers.

European Union (EU)

Economic and political union of European nations with a single market and currency (euro).

Eurozone

Group of EU countries that use the euro as their official currency.

Globalization

Process of increasing global interconnectedness through trade, communication, and culture.

Olympics

Global sporting event that exemplifies international cooperation and cultural exchange.

World Cup Soccer

Major international soccer tournament contributing to global cultural exchange.

Reggae Music

Genre originating in Jamaica, spread globally as a cultural symbol.

Bollywood

Indian film industry that has become a global cultural phenomenon.

Social Media

Online platforms that enable global communication, social interaction, and information sharing.

McDonald's

Global fast-food chain representing American cultural influence.

Special Economic Zones

Regions in China where capitalist practices are allowed to encourage economic growth.

Green Revolution

Period of agricultural innovation in the 1950s–60s that increased food production but caused environmental damage.

WHO (World Health Organization)

UN agency working to improve global health and respond to epidemics.

AIDS

Major global health crisis, especially affecting sub-Saharan Africa, with high treatment costs.

Global Warming

Rising Earth temperatures due to human activities, particularly carbon emissions.

Internet

Global network connecting people, businesses, and governments; transformed communication.

Personal Computer

Technology that became widely used in homes starting in the 1980s and revolutionized information access.

G6

Group of six major industrialized democracies formed in the 1970s.

G7

G6 plus Canada; forum for major democratic economies.

G8

G7 plus Russia (later excluded over Ukraine invasion).

G20

Group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 major economies.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

International agreement to reduce trade barriers, evolved into the World Trade Organization (WTO).

World Trade Organization (WTO)

International body that regulates global trade and resolves disputes between countries.

Surveillance

The use of digital technology to monitor people, often criticized as an invasion of privacy.