Slides 6: Anatomy of the Brain

CNS, PNS, sensory, afferent, motor, efferent, somatic, autonomic, sympathetic, parasympathetic

Divisions of the NS:

1. ___

2. ___

3. ___ or ___ division

4. ___ or ___ division

5. ___ NS

6. ___ NS

7. ___ division

8. ___ division

Processes, integrates, transmits, CNS, body, transmits, body, CNS, transmits, CNS, muscles, glands, voluntary skeletal muscle, involuntary functions, fight or flight, rest and digest

Functions of the Divisions of the NS:

1. CNS: ___ and ___ info

2. PNS: ___ info between the ___ and ___

3. Sensory: ___ info from the ___ to the ___

4. Motor: ___ info from the ___ to the ___ and ___

5. Somatic: controls ___ ___ ___

6. Autonomic: regulates ___ ___

7. Sympathetic: “___ or ___”

8. Parasympathetic: “___ and ___”

Myelinated fibers, somas, nonmyelinated fibers, synapses

White and Gray Matter:

• White: is a collection of ___ ___

• Gray: is a collection of ___ and ___ ___, also where ___ are found

Cavities, CSF, left, right lateral, 3rd, 4th, central canal, buoyancy, cushioning, nourishment, chemical signals

Ventricles:

• Are ___ with ___

• Subtypes are the ___ and ___ ___ ventricle, ___ ventricle, and ___ ventricle

• Opens to the ___ ___ of the spinal cord

• Functions of CSF:

  • ___, ___, ___, and carries ___ ___

Cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

4 Regions of the Adult Brain:

1. ___ ___

2. ___

3. ___ ___

4. ___

Cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

Cerebral Hemisphere Basics:

3 Main Regions:

1. ___ ___ of superficial gray matter

2. ___ ___

3. ___ ___ which are islands of gray matter

5 Main Lobes:

1. ___

2. ___

3. ___

4. ___

5. ___

Executive suite, awareness, perception, voluntary motor, communication, memory, understanding, motor, sensory, association, contralateral, function specialization, conscious behavior

Cerebral Cortex Basic Function and 4 Considerations:

Function:

• Is the brain’s ___ ___ (for ___, ___, ___ ___ initiation, ___, ___ storage, and ___)

4 Considerations:

1. Has 3 Functional Areas: ___, ___, and ___ areas

2. Each hemisphere controls the opposite side or are ___

3. ___ ___ can happen in 1 hemisphere

4. ___ ___ involves the entire cortex

Primary motor, premotor, Broca’s, frontal eye field, primary somatosensory, somatosensory association, primary visual, visual association, primary auditory, auditory association, Wernicke’s, primary olfactory, vestibular, gustatory, visceral sensory

Cerebral Cortex Areas:

Motor Areas:

1. ___ ___ cortex

2. ___ cortex

3. ___ area

4. ___ ___ ___

Sensory:

5. ___ ___ cortex

6. ___ ___ cortex

Visual:

7. ___ ___ cortex

8. ___ ___ area

Auditory:

9. ___ ___ cortex

10. ___ ___ area

11. ___ area

Others:

12. ___ ___ cortex

13. ___ cortex

14. ___ cortex

15. ___ ___ area

Frontal, precentral gyrus, pyramidal, voluntary muscle, frontal, planning, frontal, left, motor speech, frontal, voluntary eye

Motor Areas of Cerebral Cortex:

1. Primary Motor Cortex: in the ___ lobe in the ___ ___ with ___ cells for precise ___ ___ control

2. Premotor Cortex: in the ___ lobe for ___ motor movement

3. Broca’s Area: in the ___ lobe in ___ hemisphere for ___ ___

4. Frontal Eye Field: in the ___ lobe for ___ ___ movement

Parietal, postcentral gyrus, skin, skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, identify, parietal, integration, primary SC

Sensory Areas of Cerebral Cortex:

5. Primary Somatosensory Cortex: in the ___ lobe in the ___ ___ for sensory info from the ___, ___ ___, ___, and ___ and will ___ the body region

6. Somatosensory Association Cortex: in the ___ lobe for ___ of info from the ___ ___

Occipital, receiving, retinas, occipital, integration, memory

Visual Areas of Cerebral Cortex:

7. Primary Visual Cortex: in the ___ lobe for ___ info from the ___

8. Visual Association Area: in the ___ lobe for ___ of info with ___

Temporal, interpreting, inner ear, temporal, memory storage, perception, temporal, parietal, comprehension, written, spoken, language

Auditory Areas of Cerebral Cortex:

9. Primary Auditory Cortex: in the ___ lobe for ___ info from the ___ ___ (pitch, loudness, location)

10. Auditory Association Area: in the ___ lobe for ___ ___ of info and sound ___

11. Wernicke’s Area: in the ___ and ___ lobes for ___ of ___ and ___ ___

Temporal, awareness, smells, insula, parietal, awareness, balance, insula, awareness, taste, insula, awareness, visceral sensations

Other Areas of Cerebral Cortex:

12. Primary Olfactory Cortex: in the ___ lobe for ___ of ___

13. Vestibular Cortex: in the ___ and partially ___ lobes for ___ of ___

14. Gustatory Cortex: in the ___ for ___ of ___

15. Visceral Sensory Area: in the ___ for ___ of ___ ___

Frontal, prefrontal cortex, intellect, cognition, recall, personality, working memory

Multimodal Association Area:

• Found in the ___ lobe in the ___ ___

• Functions in ___, ___, ___, and ___

• Contains the ___ ___

Hippocampus, amygdala

2 Components of the Limbic System:

1. ___

2. ___

Behavioral, emotional, temporal, learning, memory, temporal, processing emotions

Limbic System:

• Functions in ___ and ___ responses

• 2 Components:

  1. Hippocampus in the ___ lobe for ___ and ___

  2. Amygdala in the ___ lobe for ___ ___

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, 3rd ventricle

3 Components of Diencephalon:

1. ___

2. ___

3. ___

• All enclose the ___ ___

Gray, relay, cerebral cortex, ascending input, sensation, motor, cortical, learning, memory, visceral regulating, homeostasis, emotions, endocrine, autonomic, sleep, wake

Diencephalon:

• 3 Main ___-Matter Structures:

1. Thalamus

   • Acts as a ___ for info going from the ___ ___

   • Sorts, edits, and relays ___ ___

   • For mediation of ___, ___ activity, ___ arousal, ___, and ___

2. Hypothalamus

   • Is the main ___ ___ center for ___

   • Initiates physical response to ___

   • Regulates the ___ system and controls the ___ NS

3. Epithalamus

   • Regulates ___ / ___ cycle

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, automatic, higher, lower neural, 10, cranial nerves, autonomic reflex, hypothalamus, cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory

Brain Stem:

1. ___

2. ___

3. ___ ___

• Functions in ___ behavior, has fiber tracts to connect ___ and ___ ___ centers, and associated with ___ (#) of the 12 ___ ___

• Medulla Oblongata is associated with the ___ ___ center

  • Has many functions that overlap with the ___

  • ___ center, ___ center, ___ center, and involved with vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing, coughing, sneezing

Processes, cortex, brain stem, sensory, skeletal muscle movement, balance

Cerebellum:

• ___ info from the ___, ___ ___, and ___ receptors for ___ ___ ___ and ___