psych unit 8 test

clinical psychology

clinical psychologist

have PhDs; experts in research, assessment, and therapy; supervised internship

clinical or psychiatric social worker

masters in social work; post-grad supervision; offer psychotherapy to ppl with everyday personal & family problems

counselors

master’s degree in counseling; (pastoral & abuse ones) work with problems arising from family relations, spouse and child abusers and their victims, and substance abusers

psychiatrists

MD; less psychotherapy, more (prescribing) drugs

psychotherapy

1/3 ways to treat disorders; an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and a mental patient

biomedical therapy

1/3 ways to treat disorders; using drugs or other procedures to act on the patient’s nervous system

eclectic approach

1/3 ways to treat disorders; using various forms of healing techniques depending upon the client’s unique problems

operant conditioning in treatment

when therapists use behavior modification (desired behaviors are rewarded and undesired behaviors are either unrewarded or punished)`

classical conditioning in treatment

when therapists use counterconditioning (procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors)

classical antipsychotics

ex: thorazine; drugs that remove some schizophrenia-related positive symptoms (agitation, delusions, and hallucinations)

atypical antipsychotics

ex: clozaril; drugs that remove negative schizophrenia-related symptoms (apathy, jumbled thoughts, concentration difficulties, and difficulties in interacting with others) by blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin

antianxiety drugs

ex: xanax and activan; drugs that depress the central by increasing the amount of the (GABA) neurotransmitter

antidepressant drugs

ex: prozac, zoloft, paxil; drugs that improve the mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake

mood-stabilizing drugs

ex: lithium carbonate; drugs that stabilize manic episodes by moderating the levels of norepinephrine and glutamate neurotransmitters

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

therapy practice used for severely depressed patients who do not respond to drugs; after getting anesthesia, patients usually get a 100 volt shock

anti-social personality disorder

disorder when the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; sociopath (some ppl) vs. psychopath (no ppl)

transcranial magnetic stimulation

therapy treatment involving a pulsating magnetic coil placed over prefrontal regions of the brain

DSM-IV

what professionals use to label behavioral disorders; multiaxial manual that now describes 400 psychological disorders

dissociative identity disorder

disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

generalized anxiety disorder

anxiety disorder with persistent feelings of anxiety and an unknown source

anxiety disorder

feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety

panic disorder

episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, or other frightening sensations

ptsd

disorder resulting from an individual living through or witnessing an event in which they believe that there is a threat to life or safety

bipolar

mood disorder in which symptoms of mania and depression alternate

depression

mood disorder; lasting 2+ weeks unmedicated of persistent sadness and other symptoms with no mania

ocd

persistent unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals that cause distress

schizophrenia

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions

agoraphobia

intense fear of open spaces

claustophobia

intense fear of closed spaces

dysthymic disorder

disorder characterized by daily depression lasting two years or more; between major depressive disorder and a blue mood

psychoanalytic perspective

the first formal psychotherapy; developed by Freud; goal is to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness where the patient can deal with them; interpersonal therapy

humanistic perspective

developed by Carl Rogers; goal is to boost self­ fulfillment by helping people grow in self­ awareness and self­-acceptance; person-centered therapy; active listening

behavioral perspective

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors; uses conditioning

social-cultural perspective

therapy helps people relearn adaptive responses to social-cultural influences in their environment

biological perspective

biological techniques, such as drugs, ECT, and rTMS, should be used