APES ch 7

Ozone (ambient air) Causes

Vehicle exhaust, other air pollutants reacting with sunlight, and forest fires.

Concerns of Ozone (ambient air)

Lung damage, eye irritation, respiratory tract problems, damages vegetation, causes smog.

Solutions for Ozone (ambient air)

Reduce car emissions, add pollutant filters to smokestacks.

Ozone (stratosphere) Chemical Symbol

O3.

Nitrogen oxides Causes

Vehicles, power plants burning fossil fuels, coal burning stoves.

Concerns of Nitrogen oxides

Lung damage, acid rain forms, deteriorate buildings and statues, damages forests, forms ozone.

Solutions for Nitrogen oxides

Reduce the use of fossil burning power plants.

Nitrogen oxides Chemical Symbol

NOx.

Sulfur dioxides Causes

Coal burning power plants, coal burning stoves, refineries, volcanoes.

Concerns of Sulfur dioxides

Eye irritation, lung damage, kills aquatic life, forms acid rain which damages buildings and forests.

Solutions for Sulfur dioxides

Reduce reliance on coal, recycle metals so less needs to be refined.

Sulfur dioxides Chemical Symbol

SO2.

Lead Causes

Leaded fuel, metal refineries, power plants burning fossil fuels.

Concerns of Lead

Brain and kidney damage, contaminated crops and livestock.

Solutions for Lead

Use only unleaded fuel, reduce reliance on fossil fuel burning power plants.

Lead Chemical Symbol

Pb.

Carbon monoxide Causes

Motor vehicles, power plants burning fossil fuels, kerosene or wood burning stoves.

Concerns of Carbon monoxide

Headaches, reduced mental alertness, death, heart damage.

Solutions for Carbon monoxide

Reduce car emissions, utilize nuclear energy, stop or slow the use of wood burning stoves or kerosene.

Carbon monoxide Chemical Symbol

CO.

Volatile organic compounds Chemical Symbol

VOC.

Causes of Volatile organic compounds

Paint, perfume, nail polish, CFCs, car exhaust.

Concerns of Volatile organic compounds

Respiratory problems, may lead to cancer, deplete the ozone layer.

Solutions for Volatile organic compounds

Reduce exposure to items that release VOC, reduce use of products containing CFCs.

Carbon dioxide Chemical Symbol

CO2.

Causes of Carbon dioxide

Volcanoes, motor vehicles, power plants burning fossil fuels, forest fires.

Concerns of Carbon dioxide

Produces smog when reacts with light, increases the greenhouse effect.

Solutions for Carbon dioxide

Reduce car emissions, utilize nuclear energy, prevent unnatural forest fires.

Nonmethane hydrocarbons Chemical Symbols

NMHC.

Causes of Nonmethane hydrocarbons

Fossil fuel burning.

Concerns of Nonmethane hydrocarbons

Increase greenhouse effect.

Solutions for Nonmethane hydrocarbons

Reduce fossil fuel use.

Suspended particulate matter Chemical Symbols

SPM.

Causes of Suspended particulate matter

Diesel engines, power plants, industries, windblown dust, wood stoves.

Concerns of Suspended particulate matter

Lung damage, eye irritation, damage to crops, reduces visibility, discolors buildings and statues.

Solutions for Suspended particulate matter

Reduce the use of diesel engines, filter smokestacks, reduce use of wood stoves.

Chlorofluorocarbons Chemical symbol

CFCs.

Causes of Chlorofluorocarbons

Motor vehicles, refrigerants, cleaning products.

Concerns of Chlorofluorocarbons

Deplete ozone layer.

Solutions for Chlorofluorocarbons

Reduce the use of items that contain CFCs.

Mercury Chemical Symbol

Hg.

Causes of Mercury

Burning fossil fuels.

Concerns of Mercury

Contaminate fish.

Solutions for Mercury

Reduce the use of fossil fuels.