APES ch 7

Ozone (ambient air) Causes: Vehicle exhaust When other air pollutants react with sunlight Forest fires Ozone (ambient air) Concerns: Lung damage eye irritation Respiratory tract problems Damages vegetation Causes smog Ozone (ambient air) Solutions: Reduce car emissions Add pollutant filter to smoke stacks Ozone (ambient air) Chemical symbol: O3 Ozone (stratosphere) Causes: Vehicle exhaust Pollutants react with sunlight Ozone (stratosphere) Concerns: Increase greenhouse effect Ozone (stratosphere) Solutions: Reduce car emissions Filter smokestack smoke Ozone (stratosphere) Chemical symbol: O3 Nitrogen oxides Causes: Vehicles Power plants burning fossil fuels Coal burning stoves Nitrogen oxides Concerns: Lung damage Acid rain forms Deteriorate buildings and statues Damages forests Forms ozone Nitrogen oxides Solutions: Reduce the use of fossil burning power plants Nitrogen oxides Chemical symbol: NOx Sulfur dioxides Causes: Coal burning power plants and industries Coal burning stoves Refineries Volcanoes Sulfur dioxides Concerns: Eye irritation Lung damage Kills aquatic life Forms acid rain which damages buildings and forests Sulfur dioxides Solutions: Reduce reliance on coal Recycle metals so less needs to be refined Sulfur dioxides Chemical symbol: SO2 Lead Causes: Leaded fuel Metal refineries Power plants burning fossil fuels Lead Concerns: Brain and kidney damage Contaminated crops and livestock Lead Solutions: Use only unleaded fuel Reduce reliance on fossil fuel burning power plants Lead Chemical symbol: Pb Carbon monoxide Causes: Motor vehicles Power plants burning fossil fuels Kerosene or wood burning stoves Carbon monoxide Concerns: Headaches Reduced mental alertness Death Heart damage Carbon monoxide Solutions: Reduce car emissions Utilize nuclear energy Stop or slow the use of wood burning stoves or kerosene Carbon monoxide Chemical symbol: CO Volatile organic compounds Chemical symbol: VOC Volatile organic compounds Causes: Paint Perfume Nail polish CFCs Car exhaust Volatile organic compounds Concerns: Respiratory problems May lead to cancer Deplete the ozone layer Volatile organic compounds Solutions: Reduce exposure to items that release VOC Reduce use of products containing CFCs Carbon dioxide Chemical symbol: CO2 Carbon dioxide Causes: Volcanoes Motor vehicles Power plants burning fossil fuels Forest fires Carbon dioxide Concerns: Produces smog when reacts with light Increases the greenhouse effect Carbon dioxide Solutions: Reduce car emissions Utilize nuclear energy Prevent unnatural forest fires Nonmethane hydrocarbons Chemical Symbols: NMHC Nonmethane hydrocarbons Causes: Fossil fuel burning Nonmethane hydrocarbons Concerns: Increase greenhouse effect Nonmethane hydrocarbons Solutions: Reduce fossil fuel use Suspended particulate matter Chemical Symbols: SPM Suspended particulate matter Causes: Diesel engines power plants industries windblown dust wood stoves Suspended particulate matter Concerns: lung damage eye irritation damage to crops reduces visibility discolors buildings and statues Suspended particulate matter Solutions: reduce the use of diesel engines filter smokestacks reduce use of wood stoves Chlorofluorocarbons Chemical symbol: CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons Causes: motor vehicles refridgerants cleaning products Chlorofluorocarbons Concerns: deplete ozone layer Chlorofluorocarbons Solutions: reduce the use of items that contain CFCs Mercury Chemical Symbol: Hg Mercury Causes: burning fossil fuels Mercury Concerns: contaminate fish Mercury Solutions: reduce the use of fossil fuels