World History Review

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about world history, focusing on key terms and definitions.

Tang Dynasty Developments

New irrigation techniques, rice cultivation, waterwheels, the canal system, domestication practices, stoves, the printing press, and air conditioning contributed to population growth and urbanization.

Confucian Scholar-Gentry

Restoring the Confucian scholar-gentry during the Tang Dynasty helped maintain imperial unity and strengthen the government.

Importance of Constantinople

Constantinople's strategic location facilitated trade, provided a strong defense system, concentrated political power, fostered diversity, and offered healthcare and social services.

Justinian's Achievements

Justinian reformed Roman laws, expanded Byzantine territory, constructed the Hagia Sophia and water reservoirs, and encouraged trade and agriculture.

Byzantine Cultural Achievements

The Byzantine Empire's cultural achievements include the Hagia Sophia, literature, icons, mosaics, Eastern Orthodox Christianity, philosophy, science, and a legal system that influenced Europe.

Split of Christianity (1054)

The Pope's desire to rule everyone led to the excommunication of the Pope and Priest, breaking Christian unity and splitting the church into Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches with differing beliefs and languages.

Mongolian Military Tactics

Mongol military tactics, such as avoiding battles and gathering intelligence, contributed to their success.

Mongol Khanate Adaptations

The Great Khanate adapted to Chinese culture and laws, including Buddhism, Daoism, and Islam, while the Ilkhanate converted to Islam but retained diversity, using Persian and Muslim culture and practices.

Consequences of Mongolian Expansion

The Mongolian Empire's expansion led to the exchange of goods, the spread of disease, the division of the empire, European exploration, and the dissemination of medical science and weaponry.

Steppe Environment Influence

The steppe environment influenced Mongolian military capabilities by fostering a strong cavalry and archery skills on horseback, as well as feigned retreats.

Yuan Dynasty Features

The Yuan Dynasty, established by Kublai Khan, featured a social hierarchy, a centralized government, Chinese cultural practices, prosperous Silk Road trade routes, invasions of other areas, and increased arts and religion.

Pax Mongolica vs. Pax Romana

Similarities: encouraged trade, peace & stability, and technological advancements. Differences - Pax Romana: came from Augustus' power & empire, maintained through laws, Roman culture spread, Pax Mongolica: came from Genghis Khan conquests, maintained through military dominance, spread religions and everyone kept their own religion.

Factors Contributing to Timbuktu's Importance

The Trans-Saharan trade route, camels, gold, salt, Mansa Musa, schools, universities, mosques, Islamic culture, ivory, and slaves contributed to Timbuktu's importance.

Significance of Mansa Musa's Journey

Mansa Musa's journey to Mecca indicates that the Mali Empire was predominantly Muslim.

Characteristics of Ghana

Ghana was located between salt mines and gold fields, taxed merchants, and possessed iron, ore, and gold.

Neo-Confucianism

Neo-Confucianism combines elements of Daoism and Buddhism and focuses more on self-cultivation, influencing women's roles.

Key Differences between the Han and Song Dynasties

Han Dynasty: civil service exam, centralized bureacracy, Silk Road, Social hierarchy, confucianism, paper, agriculture, expansion, strong military, literacy. Song Dynasty: paper money, Neo-Confucianism, gun powder, printing, foot binding, navigations, emphasis on culture & civil administration, painting, silk production, and Art.

Features of the Yuan Dynasty in China

Centralized bureaucracy divided into territorial provinces, Mongol hierarchy, new legal system, increased trade, paper money, taxation, social mobility, support for Buddhism, Christianity, & Islam, and no cultural assimilation.

Similarities-Impacts of the Pax Mongolica

Increased trade, more knowledge on cultures, more communications with others, & toleration of religions.

How did Islam spread so rapidly?

It Spread from trade, the military conquests, and missionaries.

Split of Islam

Divided into the Sunni and Shiits, the Consequence is there were growing tensions, different practices, violence; and this created the different muslim traditions and social Structures.

How did the geography of the African continent affect the development of diverse cultures?

The deserts and rainforests helped people create technologies that would help in that area which became their practices, societies, and beliefs. Also, they were to participate in some trade which allowed diversity along with migration. Lastly, resource availibility influenced different cultures.

Significance of the trans-Saharan trade

Exchanged salt and palm oil; Muslim, traded gold, slaves, West Africa Prospered attracted Europeans