CLA 1102: History Test 1

Peleus and Thetis

The parents of Achilles, had the famous wedding

Achilles

Son of Peleus and Thetis

Discordia/Eris

The only God/Hero that wasn't invited to the famous wedding

Juno/Hera

wife of Jupiter/Zeus

Jupiter/Zeus

king of the Gods

Minerva/Athena

goddess of wisdom & war

Venus/Aphrodite

goddess of beauty & love

Mercury/Hermes

god of trade, tells Paris to pick the most beautiful goddess

Mt. Ida

"The Mountain of the Goddess", where Paris was tending his sheep

Paris

Shephard, prince of Troy, son of the king of Troy

Helen

married to the king of Sparta, the most beautiful woman in the world

Sparta

a kingdom ruled by Menelaus

Menelaus

ruler of Sparta, (ex) husband to Helen

Agamemnon

brother of Menelaus, king of Mycenae

Mycenae

kingdom ruled by Agamemnon

Troy

kingdom ruled by Paris' father, destroyed by the king of Sparta (Menelaus) because Paris married his wife

Aeneas

Trojan general that escaped Troy while it's being invaded, along with his father (dies), wife (dies), and son, marries the local king's (Latinus) daughter (Lavinia) and founds a city by the name of (Lavinium)

Ascanius/Iulus

Aeneas' son that manages to escape Troy, eventually founds his own city called Alba Longa

Latinus

king of Latium ("king of the Latins")

Lavinia

daughter of the king of Latium, wife of Aeneas

Lavinium

city Aeneas founded and named after his wife

Alba Longa

city Ascanius (son of Aeneas) founded

Numitor

13th king of Alba Longa, "the good twin", killed by brother Amulius, descendent of AENEAS

Amulius

14th king of Alba Longa, "the evil twin", killed brother Numitor for the throne as well as Numitor's son, and makes Numitor's daughter (Rhea Silvia) a vestal virgin so she can not have any sons and take the throne from him

Rhea Silvia

daughter of the king Numitor, mother of the twins Romulus and Remus

Romulus

son of Rhea Silvia, twin brother of Remus, raised by Faustulus, founds a city on the Palatine (Rome), eventually kills Remus because he destroyed the pomerium of Rome

Remus

son of Rhea Silvia, twin brother of Romulus, raised by Faustulus, founds a (failed) city on the Aventine, is eventually killed by Romulus for destroying the pomerium

Tiber River

the river where Romulus and Remus floated as babies & where Rome was founded

Faustulus

raised Romulus and Remus with his wife after finding them on a river bank being suckled by a she-wolf

Palatine

hill where Romulus founded his city

Aventine

hill where Remus founded his city

Pomerium

a sacred boundary made by two white oxen demonstrating the city boundaries

Fratricide

when a man kills his brother (when Romulus killed Remus)

Palatine/Aventine/Capitoline/Quirinal/Viminal/Esquiline/Caelian

Seven hills of Rome

Latium

territory around Rome where the Latini people live (speak Latin)

Etruria

home of the Etruscans

Etruscans

lived in Etruria, largest influence on Roman civilization

Curia

central meeting hall/Senate House in the middle of the city

Romulus

first (co) king of Rome (LATIN)

Titus Tatius

first (co) king of Rome (SABINE)

Sabines

a territory to the north that merges with Rome

Numa Pompilius

Second King of Rome (Sabine)

Tullus Hostilius

Third King of Rome (Latin)

Ancus Marcius

fourth king of Rome (SABINE), sons later kill PRISCUS

L. Tarquinius Priscus

fifth king of Rome (ETRUSCAN)

Servius Tullius

sixth king of Rome (LATIN)

L. Tarquinius Superbus

seventh king of Rome (ETRUSCAN)

Sextus Tarquinius

son of Superbus, rapes Lucretia

TARQUINIA

Daughter of Priscus and Tanaquil. Wife of SERVIUS TULLIUS

Lucretia

raped by Sextus, kills herself to avoid the shame of being raped

L. Tarquinius Collatinus

husband of Lucretia; wants Sextus & Superbus gone

L. Junius Brutus

helps Collatinus drive Sextus & Superbus out of Rome

Res Publica

new governmental system introduced called 'Res Publica' ("The State")

Consul

an annually elected official (2 of them) to co-rule Rome

Capitoline Temple

set on Capitoline Hill & dedicated to 3 Gods: Jupiter, Juno, & Minerva (known as the Capitoline triad)

Iuppiter Optimus Maximus (IOM)

what Jupiter is often referred to (nickname)

JUPITER+JUNO+MINERVA =?

CAPITOLINE TRIAD

Veii

largest Etruscan city with took Rome 100 years of war to conquer

Tarquinii

one of the largest allies of the runaway Tarquins, Sextus & Superbus, who helped wage war against Rome to get their throne back

Clusium

ruled by Lars Porsena; the other large allie of the Tarquins

Lars Porsena

king of Clusium and heads the army

Horatius Cocles

Roman soldier who sends army back across the bridge to Rome and holds back entire Etruscan army, then knocks down the bridge falling into the Tiber river (Father Tiber saves him from drowning)

Mucius Scaevola

Roman soldier who swims across Tiber while Etruscans are sleeping to kill the king (Lars Porsenna), but kills the wrong guy. Muscius is captured & tortured for information (hand in fire & burnt off) but does not give it up. The king lets Mucius go & they retreat. (The name 'Scaevola' means 'lefty')

Secession of the Plebs

a general strike between the "lower-class" commoners who had very limited rights & knowledge because they weren't written down

Struggle of the Orders

Plebeians fighting to get the same rights as the Patricians

Lake Regillus

battle there between the Romans and the Latins; mass casualties; no winner

Aequi

a people that attacks Rome/The Latin League after the battle at Lake Regillus because the Romans & Latins suffered so many casualties and became an easy target

Volsci

a people that attacks Rome/The Latin League after the battle at Lake Regillus because the Romans & Latins suffered so many casualties and became an easy target

Conubium

a part of the Latin League treaty; the right of intermarriage between city states

Commercium

a part of the Latin League treaty; the right of free trade & legal protection

Migratio

a part of the Latin League treaty; the right of migration

Decemviri

10 men that are chosen to prepare new laws for Rome & then making those laws known by all

Appius Claudius

the leader of the decemviri; power goes to his head & he believes he can do/have whatever he wants; tries to convince the people a woman named Virginia is actually a daughter of one of his slaves so she belongs to him; Virginia & her father deny this but it doesn't work; father kills Virginia because she'd rather die than become a sex slave; commits suicide before his trial

Virginia

a beautiful woman who Appius Claudius falls in love with; killed by her father because of Appius Claudius' actions

Virginius

Virginia's father who kills his daughter out of love

Cisalpine Gaul

where the Senones lived ("Gaul on this side of the alps")

Transalpine Gaul

now modern day France ("Gaul on the other side of the alps")

Gallic

a collection of 5 tribes in northern Italy

Senones

a Gallic tribe that want to expand into Rome's territory; attack & defeat Rome

River Allia

where the Senones fought the Romans & won

"Vae Victis"

something said by Gallic king, Brennus, as he throws a sword onto the balance beam of gold (Senones would leave if the Romans paid them 1000 pounds of gold) making it unbalanced so the Romans have to pay more (translates to "woe to the conquered"/"tough shit")

M. Manlius Capitolinus

looks after sacred geese who hear the SENONES trying to scale Capitoline hill, saves the Roman people on the hill, receives a cognomen "CAPITOLINUS"

Brennus

the Gallic king who defeated Rome

Servian Wall

a wall built around Rome for protection: 10km long, 4m thick, 10m high

Samnites (of SAMNIUM)

powerful group of people southeast of Rome; 2x the people, 4x the territory

NEAPOLIS

"New city" in Greek

Civitas Optimo Iure

full Roman citizenship (can vote/military service/religious practice/something that was very sought after)

Civitas Sine Suffragio

half Roman citizenship (everything except voting/politics)

Civitates Foederatae

allied cities of Rome (2 parts: Latin allies & free allies);

Appius Claudius Caecus

Roman consul who wants to build a road from Rome to Capua

Via Appia

road built by Appius Claudius Caecus to Capua; via = highway (Appius' highway)

Capua

an Etruscan city which the Via Appia lead to

Via Valeria

road built by Valeria to Corfinium; via = highway (Valeria's highway)

Corfinium

the city in which the Via Valeria lead to

Aqueduct

bridges/tunnels that carry the 'aqua appia' into Rome; Appius Claudius Caecus

Aqua Appia

water; named after the the creator of the aqueduct Appius Claudius Caecus

Tarentum

most powerful & rich city in ancient Greece which plans to attack and conquer Rome

Pyrrhus of Epirus

king of Epirus; a relative of Alexander the Great; hired by the Greeks as a mercenary

Heraclea

280 BC; first place of battle (the battle of Heraclea) between Pyrrhus and Rome; Pyrrhus wins

Ausculum

279 BC; second place of battle (the battle of Ausculum) between Pyrrhus and Rome; Pyrrhus wins but barely, both the armies are almost completely wiped out