Aryl :alkyl halides

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33 Terms

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Nomenclature

A systematic method for naming chemical compounds.

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Isomerism

The phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula have different structures or arrangements.

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Electronic effects

Influences on a compound's reactivity and stability due to the distribution of electrons within the molecule.

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Reactive intermediates

Transient species that are formed during the conversion of reactants to products in a chemical reaction.

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Alkyl halides

Compounds containing an alkyl group bonded to a halogen atom.

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Benzyl bromide

An alkyl halide with the structure C6H5CH2Br.

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Vinyl bromide

An alkyl halide where the halogen is bonded to a vinyl group (C=C).

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Allyl bromide

An alkyl halide characterized by the allyl group (C3H5) attached to bromine.

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Arenes

A group of aromatic hydrocarbons, specifically those that contain benzene rings.

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Classification of alkyl halides

Based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bonded to the halogen.

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Dihaloalkane

An alkane that contains two halogen atoms.

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Trihaloarene

An aromatic compound containing three halogen atoms attached.

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Primary alkyl halide

An alkyl halide in which the carbon linked to the halogen is attached to only one other carbon.

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Secondary alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the carbon atom bearing the halogen is attached to two other carbons.

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Tertiary alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the carbon atom attached to the halogen is connected to three other carbon atoms.

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Nucleophile

A chemical species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond.

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Electrophile

A chemical species that accepts an electron pair to form a bond.

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Substitution reaction

A chemical reaction in which one functional group in a molecule is replaced by another.

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Elimination reaction

A reaction where a single reactant splits into two products, often removing smaller molecules.

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SN1 reaction

A nucleophilic substitution reaction where the rate-determining step involves the formation of a carbocation.

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SN2 reaction

A nucleophilic substitution reaction that involves a single, concerted step where the nucleophile attacks the substrate and displaces the leaving group.

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Walden inversion

The inversion of configuration that occurs in SN2 reactions.

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Carbocation

A positively charged carbon species that is highly reactive and can rearrange to form more stable intermediates.

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Grignard reagent

A reactive organometallic reagent containing a carbon-metal bond, typically used for forming carbon-carbon bonds.

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Stereoisomers

Compounds that have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.

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Antiaddition

A type of addition reaction where two substituents add to opposite sides of a double bond.

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Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution

A reaction mechanism where the nucleophile attacks the substrate simultaneously as the leaving group departs.

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Nucleophilicity

The tendency of a nucleophile to donate an electron pair to an electrophile.

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Leaving group

An atom or group that can depart from the parent molecule during a nucleophilic substitution or elimination reaction.

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Mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution

A two-step process involving the electrophilic attack on the aromatic ring followed by deprotonation.

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Electrophilic aromatic substitution

A reaction where an electrophile substitutes for a hydrogen atom in an aromatic ring.

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Mesomeric effect

The stabilizing effect of resonance in molecules that contain conjugated pi systems.

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Diels-Alder reaction

A cycloaddition reaction between a conjugated diene and a dienophile to form a cyclic compound.