Mitosis and Genetics Vocab - Courtney

Chromatin

unwound DNA

Sister Chromatids

duplicated chromosomes, attached at the centromere

Centromere

part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids; point where spindles attach before pulling apart

Centrosome

Anchor of the Spindle

Microtubules/Mitotic Spindle

The rope on the spindle

Mitosis

Ongoing process of chromosome separation

Prophase

when chromosomes become compact

Prometaphase

When chromosomes are attached to the spindle

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

when daughter chromosomes are pulled apart

Telophase/Cytokinesis

When the envelopes are formed and the DNA unravels and is seperated by cleavage furrows

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity

Heredity

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Alleles

variants of a gene

Phenotype

physical characteristics based on genotypes

Genotype

Allele combination for a trait

Law of Independent Assortment

random distibution of alleles occurs during gamete formation

Testcross

breeding mystery individual with a homozygous recessive individual

Codominance

phenotype of the heterozygote has featurs of both homzygous phenotypes

Incomplete Dominance

phenotype of heterozygote is between the 2 homozygotes, like a mix

complete dominance

the dominant allele dominates the genotype

blended phenotype

Phenotype resulting from incomplete dominance.

polygenic inheritance

traits determind by allels at multiple loci

autosomes

non-sex chromosomes (22 pairs- 44 of them)

Sex linked genes

Genes located on the sex chromosomes. ususally on x chromosome

y linked traits only in males

loci

Location of a gene on a chromosome