IB Bio SL - A1.1

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ADHESION

The force by which individual molecules stick to surrounding materials and surfaces.

BOILING POINT

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

COHESION

The force by which individual molecules of the same time attract and associate (stick together).

FREEZING POINT

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. For water, the amount of energy needed to raise its temperature is relatively high making it a stable environment for organisms to live.

HYDROGEN BOND

A type of weak attractive intermolecular force; a hydrogen atom in a molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen, in a different molecule.

HYDROPHILIC

Attracted to water. Polar substances that are attracted by water. Have an affinity for water and are soluble in water.

HYDROPHOBIC

Non-polar substances that are repelled by water. They lack affinity for water and are insoluble in water.

POLAR MOLECULE

A molecule with an unequal distribution of electrical charge, resulting in the molecule having a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end.

SOLUTE

Dissolved molecule or ion in a solution

SOLVENT

A liquid in which another substance can be dissolved.

SURFACE TENSION

The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between molecules of water at the surface. A property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesion between water molecules.

COVALENT BOND

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

VISCOSITY

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

BUOYANCY

the ability or tendency of any fluid to provide a vertical upward force on an object placed in or on it.

CAPILLARY TUBES

Channels with a very small internal diameter

CAPILLARY ACTION

The tendency of a liquid to move up against gravity when confined within a narrow tube (capillary).

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

The measure of how easily heal flows through a specific type of material. Ice's thermal conductivity is low, which means layers of ice have an insulating effect leading to increasing sea temperatures.