Geography and Population Dynamics

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from chapters 1 and 2 on geography and population dynamics, providing definitions for terms related to geographic concepts, population distribution, demographic transitions, and sustainability.

Five Basic Concepts of Geography

Location, Place, Region, Movement, Human-Environment Interaction.

Tools for Geography

Remote Sensing, GPS, GIS.

Map Scale Types

Ratio, Written, Graphic.

Projection in Geography

Flattening the Earth causes distortion.

Geographic Grid

The system of latitude and longitude used to pinpoint location.

Time Zones

Based on 15 degrees of longitude.

Describing Place Concepts

Site, Situation, Toponym.

Cultural Landscape

The human imprint on the environment.

Types of Regions

Formal, Functional, Vernacular.

Distribution Patterns

Density, Concentration, Pattern.

Types of Diffusion

Relocation, Expansion, Contagious, Hierarchical.

Hearth

The origin of ideas.

Spatial Interaction

Movement across space.

Culture Change Processes

Assimilation, Acculturation.

Networks in Geography

Connections linking places.

Distance Decay

Interaction decreases with distance.

Space-Time Compression

Technology speeds interaction.

Resources in Sustainability

Environmental, Economic, Social pillars of sustainability.

Earth Spheres

Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Biosphere.

Ecosystems

Interaction of living organisms with abiotic systems.

Population Clusters

Major population concentrations: East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia, Eastern North America.

Uneven Distribution Factors

Climate, resources, history.

Density Types

Arithmetic, Physiological, Agricultural.

Population Growth Rates

NIR, Doubling Time, CBR, CDR.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Stages 1-5 describing population patterns.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) & Life Expectancy

Factors affecting population structure.

Population Pyramids

Visual representations showing age and sex structure.

Epidemiologic Transition

Stages 1-5 depicting changes in disease and mortality patterns.

Malthusian Theory

The idea that population grows faster than food supply.

Modern Perspectives on Population

Neo-Malthusians vs critics.

Stage 5 Countries

Characterized by aging populations and low fertility rates.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Importance

Predicts future population trends.

Future Population Trends

India is growing, China is shrinking, Japan has a very old population.

Stage 5 Epidemiological Trends

Return of infectious diseases.

Education & Healthcare Impact

Factors that reduce birth rates.