IAC History Study Guide

Nelson Mandela

He was the first president of a fully democratic South Africa, an anti - Apartheid activist, leader of the African National Congress, and founder of the Spear of the Nation

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that lasted from 1948 to the early 1990s

African National Congress

The political party that led the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and became the ruling party after the end of apartheid

Spear of the Nation

A military wing of the African National Congress formed to carry out acts of sabotage against the apartheid government

Cario

A city in Egypt close to the Giza pyramid complex, founded by the Fatimid dynasty in 969

Cario, Memphis, and Heliopolis

Three major cities in ancient Egypt that were important centers of culture, religion, and trade

Jean-Bédel Bokassa (1921-1996)

The military dictator of the Central Africa Republic from 1966 to 1979 who declared himself Emperor 1976 and ordered the building of a golden eagle throne

Möngke Khan (1209 - 1259)

The fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire who reigned from 1251 to 1259

Four major states that the Mongol Empire split into

The Yuan Dynasty, the Ilkhanate, the Chagatai Khanate, and the Golden Horde

Bhopal Disaster of 1984

In what is widely considered the worst industrial accident in world history, 500,000 people were exposed to toxic gas released from a plant in India

The Buddha/Siddhartha Gautama

A wandering South Asian religious teacher that founded Buddhism in 6th or 5th century BCE

Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path

Major teachings of the Buddha

Jakarta

The capital of Indonesia and was formerly the capital of the Dutch East Indies under its former name, Batavia

Cyrus the Great (c. 600 - 530 BC)

Founder of the Achaemenid, also know as the Persian Empire

Pharaohs

Monarchs of ancient Egypt, many of whom are buried in the Valley of the Kings

Hieroglyphics

A writing system used in ancient Egypt, deciphered by comparing it with Greek script found on the Rosetta Stone

Ancient Olympic Games

A series of athletic competitions held in Olympia, Greece, from 776 BC to 393 AD, halted per the orders of Theodosius I

Holocaust

A mass extermination of Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II that killed at least six million people

Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603)

The last Tudor monarch of England, whose reign saw the rise of English drama by authors such as William Shakespeare

Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521)

A Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the world, although he was killed before the end of the voyage

Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)

The founder and first leader of the Soviet Union

George III (1738-1820)

The British king at the time of the American Revolution

Hapsburgs

An Austrian dynasty that ruled at different times over Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, and Spain

Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898)

The first Chancellor of Germany and oversaw the nation’s reunification

Louis XIV (1638-1715)

The King of France known as the "Sun King," who ruled for 72 years, longer than any other European monarch

Walter Reed

An American physician who was inspired to develop a cure for yellow fever because of the high rates of infection among the builders of the Panama Canal

Frida Kahlo (1907-1954)

A Mexican surrealist painter who often painted self-portraits

Diego Rivera (1886-1957)

A prominent Mexican muralist and husband of Frida Kahlo

Juan Peron

An Argentinian president under whose administration the Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann hid out in Buenos Aires for 15 years

Machu Picchu

An abandoned Incan fortress and UNESCO World Heritage Site located near Cusco

Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969)

He was the Supreme Allied Commander of Europe in World War II and the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961

Betsy Ross (1752-1836)

She is the seamstress who is credited with creating the first American flag

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

A war between the United States and Mexico that was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Jamestown

A city in Virginia that was the first permanent English colony in America established in 1607

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This Act invalidated segregation in public accommodations

Mike Pence (1959- )

The U.S. Vice President from 2017-2021 during Donald Trump’s first term

Crazy Horse (1840-1877)

The Lakota Sioux leader who won the Battle of the Little Big Horn

John Quincy Adams (1767-1848)

He was the sixth U.S. President, who was accused by Andrew Jackson of winning election in 1824 based on a “corrupt bargain” with Henry Clay.

Andrew Jackson

He was the seventh U.S. president who served from 1829 to 1837