10 percent plan (Lincoln) vs. Wade-Davis Bill (Radicals)
Wade Davis bill required a majority of a state’s residents to take an oath of loyalty to the union
Lincoln only required 10% of voters to take said oath of allegiance
Andrew Johnson impeachment
failed by 1 vote
attempted impeachment because he dismissed a radical in his administration
Radical Reconstruction
under radical rule, former confederates were denied the right to vote
Cotton and Tobacco
most widely raised cash crops
"Solid South"
heavy handed radical rule led to the creation of a solid democrat voting block in the south
refers to the near-unanimous support for the democratic party in the south
Grant Administration Corruption
Ulysses G. Grant’s administration is considered by many historians to have been one of the most corrupt in history
William Tweed
corrupt NYC official who defrauded the city
Thomas Nast
political cartoonist who advocated reforms - made fun of William “Boss” Tweed
Horace Greeley
newspaper editor who ran for president in 1872
Samuel Tilden
reform minded lawyer who sought to end corruption in NYC
Rutherford B. Hayes
won the most disputed presidential election in American history up to that time
Hiram Revels
first black person to serve in the U.S. congress
Radical Republicans
a republican minority who wanted to deal harshly with the south
Impeachment
indictment of a political official
Carpetbagger
a northern radical who moved to the south
Scalawag
southern unionists (radicals)
Disenfranchisement
when someone is denied the right to vote or has their vote taken away
sharecropping
system that was set up to allow freed slaves to farm the land without paying them directly
south was so economically devastated that they were unable to pay workers
Redeemer
southerner who wanted to overthrow or oust republican rule
white majority rule
"Grantism"
term used to describe political corruption
Liberal Republicans
opposed radical republicans in the 1872 location
Greenbacks
paper money not backed by precious metals (silver and/or gold)
Thirteenth Amendment
abolished slavery everywhere in the U.S.
Fourteenth Amendment
guaranteed citizenship rights
Fifteenth Amendment
gave all men the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Military Reconstruction Act
divided the south into 5 military districts - congress selected military governors for each district
Black Codes
attempted to regulate the conduct or behavior of former slaves
Reconstruction
governments attempt to rebuild the south
identified by most people as the radical republican version of reconstruction
Tenure of Office Act
designed to protect cabinet members from being fired by the president
Panic of 1873
most severe depression in the first 100 years of American history
Freedmen's Bureau
designed to help former slaves after the war
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
opposed radical reconstruction and attempted to prevent blacks from voting
Credit Mobilier Scandal
involved the criminal use of funds intended for railroad construction
Compromise of 1877
political agreement which would allow federal troops to be removed from the south
in exchange, the democrats to allow Rutherford B. Hayes to be president
Presidential Reconstruction (Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson) vs. Congressional Reconstruction (Radical Republicans in Congress)
Johnson supported Lincoln's view of reconstruction
Public schools in the South
universally agreed upon benefit that came out of reconstruction
Washington and Lee University
Robert E. Lee accepted the position of president of Washington and Lee university (at the time it was just Washington college)
Fisk and Gould Scandal
had to do with manipulating the price of gold
Tammany Hall Corruption
democrat leaders needed its help to get votes and win elections (vote buying corruption)
"Waving the Bloody Shirt"
political tactic whereby republicans would blame democrats for the war
generations after the civil war, anyone in the republican party was a union veteran
What was the effect of the Military Reconstruction Act on the South?
Divided the 10 former states of the confederacy into 5 military districts
Each military governor was appointed by congress and their directive (orders) were to keep the peace through military courts or force if necessary
What good did Reconstruction accomplish? Why was it still resented by the South?
Good:
Universal male suffrage
Public schools
Rebuilding of roads
Building of railroads/transportation
Internal improvements
Bad:
Didn’t like being occupied
Didn’t like being disenfranchised