Social Class Identities Sociologists

Scott (Upper Class)

Scott (Upper Class)

"Old boy networks", social capital, inter marriage, social closure and culture of privilege

Macintosh and Mooney (Upper Class)

Invisibility, social closure and sense of belonging

Kenway (Upper Class)

Private school girls - high self-esteem by devaluing status and achievement of state-educated students

King and Raynor (Middle Class)

Reinforce attitudes about educational success and child centeredness

Bordieu (Middle Class)

School helps socialise using processes of social control, cultural capital, economic capital and social capital

Goodwin (Middle Class)

Define identities by peer approval and 'yummy mummies'

Saunders (Middle Class)

Conspicuous consumption and disposable income so media targets

Wright (Middle Class)

Contradictory class position, hold managerial or supervisory roles and resources need to be controlled are: investment, means of production and labour power

Willis (Working Class)

Manual labour occupations, traditional gender roles, counter school subculture, hegemonic masculinity and influenced by fathers

Mac an Ghail (Working Class)

Deindustrialisation led to 'macho lads', 'crisis of masculinity' and 'making of men'

Bowles and Gintis (Working Class)

Hidden curriculum, obedient workers, exploitation, alienation and conformity

Bourdieu (Working Class)

Cultural capital, education reinforces identity, social capital and economic capital

Mertens and D'Haenens (Working Class)

Digital divide

Murray (Underclass)

Poor people, welfare state, illegitimacy, lazy, incompetent single mothers and voluntary unemployment

Jordan (Underclass)

Same values/attitudes, sense of shame and gain respect

Pakulski and Waters (Changing Social Class Identities Postmodernism)

Production to consumption

Offe (Changing Social Class Identities Postmodernism)

Own identities

Skeggs (Changing Social Class Identities Postmodernism)

Women - instrumental, capitalism, meritocratic, social mobility, individualism, popular culture, conspicuous consumption and consumer culture