life span CH9 PART 2

What cognitive abilities do adolescents develop?

They become more able to speculate, hypothesize, and fantasize

They become more able to s______, h________, f_______.

speculate, hypothesize, and fantasize

What does improved thinking in adolescence allow them to do?

Consider possibilities and think about different outcomes

Are adolescents still egocentric?

Yes, they are still egocentric.

What do adolescents tend to overestimate?

Their significance to others (they think people notice them more than they actually do).

Egocentrism leads to:

• belief in their own invincibility

• their expectations of heroic lives

• their views of people’s reactions to their

appearances and behavior

What does egocentrism in adolescence lead to?

A belief in their own invincibility.

How does egocentrism affect adolescents' expectations of their lives?

They expect to have heroic or extraordinary lives.

How does egocentrism influence how adolescents think others see them?

They believe others are highly focused on their appearance and behavior

Why are adolescents still considered cognitively immature?

Their thinking and decision-making skills are not fully developed.

They are cognitively

immature

What can cognitive immaturity in adolescence lead to?

Irrational decisions

What are possible consequences of irrational decisions in adolescence?

Poor choices in jobs and sexual behavior.

What are possible consequences of irrational decisions in adolescence?
Poor choices in ___and ____.

jobs ; sex

In what three main ways does thinking advance during adolescence?

Use of more and varied cognitive skills, use of logic, and use of intuitive thinking.

Thinking does advance in three ways:

• use more and varied basic _____skills

• use ____

• use ____thinking

cognitive; logic; intuitive

How do adolescents use cognitive skills differently as they develop?
They use more and a wider variety of basic cognitive skills.

They use more and a wider variety of basic cognitive skills.

Improvements in:

• C

• s

• k

• m

-concentration

• selective attention

• knowledge base

• memory skills

How does logic improve during adolescence?

Adolescents become better at reasoning and thinking logically

What is intuitive thinking in adolescence?

The ability to quickly understand or decide something without needing detailed reasoning

What improvements occur in attention during adolescence?

Better concentration and selective attention

What happens to an adolescent’s knowledge base?

It increases and becomes more developed

How do memory skills change during adolescence?

Memory skills improve and become more effective

Piaget Stage (Adolescence)

Formal Operational Stage

Adolescence is part of Piaget’s ________ stage.

Formal Operational

Which stage of Jean Piaget occurs during adolescence?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete Operational
D. Formal Operational

Formal Operational

Inductive Reasoning

Using many specific observations to form a general belief

Inductive reasoning = many ________ → general belief

specifics

Deductive Reasoning

Using a general belief to make conclusions about specific situations

Deductive reasoning = general belief → ________
specifics

specifics

Adolescent egocentrism:

a stage of development where young people regard themselves as much more socially significant than they actually are

Invincibility Fable:

the belief they are immune to common dangers

Personal Fable:

the belief that their lives are unique or heroic

Imaginary Audience:

• use this idea to fantasize

• about how others will react

• to their appearance and

• behavior

Imaginary Audience

The belief that others are constantly watching and judging one’s appearance and behavior

What does the imaginary audience lead adolescents to do?
A. Ignore others’ opinions
B. Focus only on schoolwork
C. Fantasize about how others will react
D. Avoid social situations completely

C. Fantasize about how others will react

How does the imaginary audience affect behavior?

It makes adolescents overly concerned with their appearance and how others perceive them

Why can adolescent decision-making be harmful?

They overestimate short-term rewards and ignore risks

The ________the person, the more ________ the consequences of their decisions

younger; serious

Why are adolescent decisions especially impactful over time?

Because their choices can be long-lasting

they overestimate the _____ of the moment and ______ the risks

joys;ignore

High-school graduates are generally __________ than non-graduates.

Healthier

High-school graduates tend to live __________.

Longer

High-school graduates are usually __________.

Richer

High-school graduates are more likely to:

A. Skip voting

B. Vote

Vote

Which of the following is a common outcome for high-school graduates?

A. Higher chance of jail time

B. Lower chance of marriage

C. Staying out of jail

D. Less stability

Staying out of jail

High-school graduates are more likely to __________.

Marry

High-school graduates are more likely to do which of the following?

A. Rent forever

B. Buy homes

C. Avoid responsibility

D. Move constantly

Buy homes

Graduating high school increases the likelihood that individuals will stay out of __________.

Jail

In the USA, if adolescents work more than __________ hours per week, their grades tend to suffer.

20

Working too many hours during adolescence can negatively affect:

Grades

The teen birth rate in the USA has __________ since the 1980s.

Decrease

Despite the decrease, U.S. teens still have __________ teenage births than other developed countries.

more

Compared to other developed countries, U.S. teens have:

More teenage births

Does culture influence sexual activity?

Yes

Sexual activity is not limited to just __________.

Intercourse

Since 1990, condom use has:

A. Decreased

B. Stayed the same

C. Doubled in most nations

D. Disappeared

Doubled in most nations

Most high schools have __________ education.

Sex

Risk-taking behavior is the responsibility of __________.

Each person