Studied by 4 people
Socio-cultural influences Sports Psychology Health, Fitness and Well-being
Name the 5 different social groups
Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability and Social-economic groups
What is a trend?
The direction in which something is developing or changing
What are the three actions Sport England are taking to improve participation rates in sport?
Promoting the benefits of being active
Tackling deep-rooted inequalities in sport
Investing in sport and physical activity
What is Sport England’s ten year plan called?
Uniting the movement
What does the name DCMS stand for?
Department of culture, media and sport
What is the role of the Youth Sport Trust (YST)
It equips, educates and empowers young people to enjoy the benefits of sport
Give two examples of national sport governing bodies
ECB- England and Wales Cricket board
And British Equestrian
Give two examples of international sport governing bodies
ICC- International cricket committee
and FEI
Why might age be a factor in sporting participation?
Flexibility and strength decreasing with age
Overall level of fitness (including tidal volume and stroke volume) decrease
Injuries and illness more likely
Why might gender be a factor in sporting participation?
male dominated culture within sport
Lack of self confidence and self esteem
Lack of media exposure and funding
Why might disability be a factor in sporting participation?
lack of funding and accessibility
Lack of media exposure and role models
Physical health deteriorating
Why might ethnicity be a factor in sports participation?
Wealth of the country
Religious belief
Lack of role models
Why might upbringing be a factor in sports participation?
Excessive pressure from parents
Lack of money to afford sport
Lack of promotion and education of sport
What are the 3 main strategies to improve participation in sport?
Promotion, provision and access
How can sport be promoted?
Advertisements such as ‘this girl can’ and media exposure
How can we gain funds to improve sport provision?
Money coming from the national lottery, and distributed by UK Sport and Sport England
How can we improve sport provision when provided with funding?
We can provide suitable facilities, coaching sessions and clubs for under-represented social groups
How can we improve access to sport?
Adjusting facilities to make them accessible for disabled people
Subsidising sessions for lower income families
Sessions specific for that social group
Encouraging a timetable of varies activities
What is the DCMS?
A government department responsible for government policies related to sport
What is the organisation UK Sport?
An agency under government direction providing support for elite sports people. It distributes government funds, provides ethical standards of behaviour and oversees the work of sports councils
What is UK sports institute?
An organisation to provide elite sports people with the appropriate facilities and support.
What is the youth sports trust?
A sport agency responsible for the development of youth sport, and encouraging a healthy, active life style.
What is commercialisation?
The influence of commerce, trade or an industry to make a profit.
What is sponsorship?
The process of attempting to gain money from an activity
What are the three sides of the Golden Triangle?
Sponsorship, sport and media
What are the 5 types of media?
Television, Newspapers, Social media, internet and radio
Name 4 influences of media on sport
Event time changes, rule changes, sponsorship and technological innovation
Name three advantages of media in sport
Presents inspiring and positive role models, gives people a sense of belonging and generates revenue and investment in sport.
Name three disadvantages of media in sport
Can intrude on athlete’s privacy, sometimes showcases negative values and can undermine official’s decisions
Name two advantages of sponsorship for the performer
Allows athletes to have sport as their full time jobs and can lead to additional roles within sport post retirement.
Name two disadvantages of sponsorship for the performer
Can result in deviance as a result of pressure to succeed, and usually favours male over female and able bodied over disabled.
Name two positive effects of sponsorship for the spectators
Enhanced viewing experience due to investment in technology, and watching at home is cheaper than watching games live.
Name two negative effects of sponsorship for the spectator
TV breaks and advertisements can disrupt the viewing experience, and can pull fans away from watching live.
Name two advantages of sponsorship for the sport
Can cover the cost of coaching and player development, as well as the cost of running the event itself, including venue hire and cost of officials
Name two disadvantages of sponsorship for the sport
Sponsors can exploits and manipulate the performers, teams and events, and minority sports struggling to attract sponsorship
What are the three categories of behaviour within sport?
Sportsmanship, gamesmanship and deviance
Give an example of gamesmanship
Diving in football to gain a penalty
Give an example of sportsmanship
Shacking opponents hands after a game
Give an example of deviance
Taking performance enhancing drugs
Name 3 social reasons for drug use
Prepared to win at all costs, pressure to succeed and to ensure a level playing field if others are taking drugs
What do anabolic steroids mimic?
The hormone testosterone
What are the 4 desired effects of anabolic steroids?
Quicker recovery, ability to train harder and longer, muscular hypertrophy and increased aggression
Name 3 negative side effects of anabolic steroids
Hypertension, increased aggression and liver and kidney damage
What type of performers may take anabolic steroids? Give two examples
Any sport that requires power, e.g weightlifting or long jumping
What are the 3 desired effects of stimulants?
Increased alertness, masks fatigue and decreases reaction time
Name 4 negative side effects of stimulants
Risk of heartfailure, hypertension and stroke, and is additive.
What type of performers would use stimulants? Give two examples
Any sport which requires a explosiveness, for example sprinters or boxers
What rate the 4 desired effects of beta blockers?
Reduces heart rate and blood pressure, keeps hands steady and reduces the effect of adrenaline.
Name 4 negative effects of beta blockers?
Nausea, drowsiness and fatigue, head aches and low blood pressure
What type of performers might take beta blockers? Give two examples
Any sport which requires a steady hand and fine motor control, for example archery and shooting
Name three reasons why violence happens in sport
Frustration of official’s decision, player being over emotional and players being over competitive.
Give an example of a person who was violent in sport
Pauli Di Canio, who shoved the referee over.
What is the mnemonic for the characteristics of a skilful movements?
PEAFC
What are the 5 characteristics of a skilful movement?
Pre-determined, efficiency, aesthetics, fluent and coordiation
Define Pre-Determined (think PEAFC)
A skill performed having already been planned
Define efficiency (think PEAFAC)
The ability to perform a task without wasted energy
Define aesthetics (think PEAFC)
A skill that looks good
Define fluent (think PEAFC)
The ability to perform a skill at the same level each time
Define Coordinated (think PEAFC)
The ability to remain in control of the rate and timing of a skill
What are the two continuums that a skill can be classified on?
Environmental and difficulty
What is the difficulty continuum?
A measure of how simple or complex a skill is
Define an open skill
A skill that is affected by the sporting environment. The performer must make decisions in response to their surroundings
Define a close skill
A skill that involves less decision making because it has a predictable environment
Name three benefits of goal setting
It has an emphasis on motivation and discipline, it ensures progress, and it can increases focus and effort.
Name the two different types of goals
Performance goals and outcome goals
What do performance goals relate to?
The performance or technique of the activity
What do outcome goals relate to?
The end result
What is the mnemonic for goal setting?
SMART
What does SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, achievable, recorded and timed
Define specific (think SMART)
The requirement for a target to target a specific aspect of performance.
Define Measurable (think SMART)
The requirement for a target to be measured or compared
Define achievable (think SMART)
The requirement for a target to be challenging but reachable
Define recorded (think SMART)
The requirement for a target to be recorded so that they have clarity and are set.
Define timed (think SMART)
The requirement for a target to be on a time-scale.
Name three benefits of mental preparation
Reduces anxiety, can improve confidence and can help make a course or pitch more familiar
What are the four types of mental preparation?
Imagery, mental rehearsal, selective attention and positive thinking
Define imagery
The athlete imagining themself performing the activity, focussing on the feel and the environment
Define mental rehearsal
The athletes imagining themselves succeeding in the activity, picturing exactly how they would do that.
What is the difference between mental rehearsal and imagery?
Imagery is about FEEL whereas mental rehearsal is about OUTCOME
What is selective attention?
The removal of any distraction by focussing on a particular object in the environment.
What is positive thinking?
The use of positive inner thought to help refocus the athlete and reduce anxiety.
Define guidance
the information given to someone to help them develop a skill to improve and to optimise their performance.
When is guidance usually given? When is feedback usually given?
Guidance is usually given at the start whilst feedback is usually given at the end
What are the four types of guidance?
Visual guidance, verbal guidance, manual guidance and mechanical guidance
Give two types of visual guidance
Demonstration, and observation of technique from images or videos
What are the 3 advantages of visual guidance?
Provides learner with a mental image, draws attention to key points and good for simple skills where less information is needed
What are the 3 disadvantages of visual guidance?
Can demotivate learner if skill is too complex, can be an overload of information, and must be accurate or technique will be incorrect.
What are the 3 advantages of verbal guidance?
Feedback can be given immediately, tactics can be explained and gives technical information effectively
What are 3 disadvantages of verbal guidance?
Requires a basic understanding of terminology, can be an overload of information and learners may loose concentration
What is manual guidance?
A hands-on approach to ensure safety
Give three advantages of manual guidance
Builds confidence, eliminated dangers and gives early feel for whole skill
Give three disadvantages of manual guidance
May be uncomfortable, interferes with kinaesthetic awareness and learners may become dependent on support
What is mechanical guidance?
The use of equipment to help support the learner whilst practicing a skill
Give two advantages of mechanical guidance
Promotes confidence and helps to eliminate danger
Give two disadvantages of mechanical guidance
Learners can become dependent on equipment for support and feel may be different as a result of the equipment.
Name the four types of feedback
Intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of performance and knowledge of results
What is intrinsic feedback?
Information received by the athlete as a direct result of producing a movement through the kinaesthetic sense.
What is extrinsic feedback?
Feedback that comes from external sources
Positive feedback is often more ___________
Motivating
How does negative feedback often motivate people?
As they like to ‘prove’ people wrong
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Flashcard (22)