Philosophical and Sociological Perspectives on Self

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the philosophical, sociological, anthropological, and psychological perspectives on the self, summarizing definitions, theorists, and important ideas to aid in exam preparation.

What is the fundamental question that philosophy explores regarding the self?

What is the self?

Who said 'Know Thyself'?

Socrates.

What are the three parts of the immortal self according to Plato?

Reason, Physical Appetite, Spirit or Passion.

What concept did St. Augustine introduce regarding the relationship between body and soul?

Initially thought of the body as the 'slave' of the soul, later as the 'spouse' of the soul.

What famous statement did René Descartes make about the self?

Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore I am).

What does the term 'Tabula Rasa' refer to in Locke's theory?

The idea that self/personal identity is constructed primarily from sense experiences.

According to David Hume, what is personal identity?

There is no 'self', only a bundle of perceptions.

What does Immanuel Kant say about the self?

The self is a product of reason and exists independently of experience.

What are the three layers of self according to Freud?

Conscious Mind, Preconscious Mind, Unconscious Mind.

What does Gilbert Ryle argue about the self?

The self is the way people behave and is composed of a set of patterned behavior.

What is Paul Churchland's perspective on the self?

The self is the brain.

What overarching question does sociology answer about the self?

How does the self develop?

What is socialization?

The process of cultural molding where individuals learn the skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of society.

What is the Looking Glass Self theory proposed by Charles Horton Cooley?

The self develops through our perception of others' evaluation of us.

Who introduced the concepts of I-Self and Me-Self?

George Herbert Mead.

What does the term 'Life Span Development' refer to in the context of personality development?

The continuous process of learning and personality development throughout one's life.

According to Harry Triandis, what are the three aspects of the self?

Private Self, Public Self, Collective Self.

What does William James describe as the 'Me-Self'?

The empirical self, made up of material, social, and spiritual components.

What are the components of Carl Rogers' theory regarding the self?

Real Self and Ideal Self.

How does Donald Woods Winnicott differentiate between True Self and False Self?

True Self is authentic and alive; False Self is a defense against vulnerabilities.

What is a key insight related to sociology mentioned in the notes?

'No man is an island' emphasizing social interconnectedness.