Bio 265 – Clinical Microbiology

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions relevant to Clinical Microbiology, focusing on Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus species, their characteristics, and clinical significance.

Staphylococcus

A genus of Gram-positive bacteria that are typically clustered in groups and are facultative anaerobes.

Catalase Positive

Refers to bacteria that produce the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Hemolytic Activity

The ability of bacteria to lyse red blood cells, often categorized as alpha, beta, or gamma hemolysis.

Coagulase

An enzyme produced by some Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, that causes coagulation of blood.

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.

Streptococcus

A genus of Gram-positive bacteria known for their cocci shape, forming pairs or chains.

Alpha Hemolysis

Partial lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a greenish discoloration around the growth on blood agar.

Beta Hemolysis

Complete lysis of red blood cells, causing a clear zone around bacterial colonies on blood agar.

Novobiocin Resistance

The ability of certain bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, to grow in the presence of novobiocin, indicating resistance to this antibiotic.

CAMP Test

A test used to identify Streptococcus agalactiae by demonstrating its ability to enhance hemolysis of Staphylococcus aureus.

Optochin Test

A test used to differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae (sensitive to optochin) from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci (resistant to optochin).

Enterococcus faecalis

A species of enterococci that can be identified by its ability to grow in bile esculin and often associated with urinary tract infections.

Exfoliatin Toxin

A toxin produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus, causing Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome.

Bacitracin Sensitivity

Refers to the susceptibility of Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) to bacitracin, used in testing for identification.

Necrotizing Fasciitis

A severe and rapid infection of the soft tissues, often caused by invasive strains of Streptococcus pyogenes.