AP Psych Unit 9

Attribution Theory

Attribution Theory

Person justifies behaviors and behaviors of others, whether situational or internal

Situational Attribution

Person blames situation for causing a behavior

Dispositional Attribution

Person blames another person’s internal characteristics for the behavior

Fundamental Attribution Error

Incorrectly attribute a person’s action, observer underestimates significance of situation and overestimates impact of personal disposition

Self-serving Bias

Reflects back on events they have experienced and only focuses on positive outcomes and blames negative outcomes on other factors

False Consensus Effect

Person overestimates how others think and act

Confirmation bias

Only focusing on info that confirms person’s pre-existing view

Just World Hypothesis

Tendency for people to believe world is fair and that things are the way that they are for a reason

Halo Effect

Positive first impression of someone they will interpret other information about that person in a positive way

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Person’s beliefs lead to fulfillment

Leon Festinger

Cognitive Dissonance

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Looks at ways a person can be persuaded so change their perception of concept, person, or object

Asch Line Experiment

Regarding to conformity line test in which confederates gave wrong answer leading to volunteers also giving wrong answer

Milgram’s Obedience Experiment

Teacher as volunteer, confederates as learners, learners who said words wrong would be shocked, the teachers continued to shock even if learners were in clear pain and distress

Stanford Prison Experiment

Prisoners put in cells and guards told to keep order, individuals took on roles in this roleplay experiment and lost identity and became really the roles

Explicit Prejudice

Aware of and consciously agree with certain prejudice

Implicit Prejudice

Unconscious beliefs and feelings against another or group

Scapegoat Theory

Have prejudice against another person or group and blame them for an outcome

Frustration Aggression Hypothesis

Person gets frustrated makes them angry when angry makes them aggressive

Altruism

Concern and belief for the well-being of others above one’s own needs

Companionate

Attraction more intense than friendship but lacking intimacy

Passionate

Attraction is physical and intense but does not have strong commitment

Consummate

Attraction has passion, intimacy, and commitment