AP World History Unit 2

Greek rationalism

________: A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.

Sparta

________: Greek city- state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts.

Wang Mang

________: interrupted Han rule for around 15 years to rule China; tried helping the poor by establishing granaries and land reform.

Bhagavad Gita

________: The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit.

Monsoons

________: seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons in India.

Dharma Sastra

It is one of the eighteen Smritis of the ________ (or "laws of righteous conduct); "Expressed that patriarchy was natural and good, made some castes higher than others, and supported the overall caste system.

Torah

________: The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this.

Aristocracy

________: A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.

Colosseum

________: A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place.

Yin

________ and Yang: In Daoist belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world.

Li

________ is outwardly showing good behavior and conduct.

Golden Mean

________: Aristotle's term for describing ethical behavior as a midpoint between extremes.

Julias Caesar

________: The great Roman leader who created the first Triumvirate and became dictator for life.

Filial Piety

________ (Confucianism): a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.

Apostle Paul

________: A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but, according to Christian belief, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, he became arguably the most significant figure in the spread of Christianity and the shaping of its doctrine.

Prophets

________: People who are said to receive messages from God to be taught to others.

negative deeds

2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or ________ and mindsets such as hated and desire.

Upanishads

________: A major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised.

Krishna

________ is very well- known and is the Charioteer for Arjuna in Mahabharata.

Romulus

________ and Remus: Traditional story of how Rome began.

Socrates

________: (470- 399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.

Darius

________ the Great: king of Persia who expanded the empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the Battle of Marathon (550- 486 BC)

Arete

________: in early Greece, the qualities of excellence that a hero strives to win in a struggle or contest.

Israel

________: A Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.

Jesus

________: A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices.

Bureaucracy

________; civil service: System of managing government through departments run by appointed officials.

Meritocracy

________: a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement.

Athens

________: A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

Yellow Turban Rebellion

________: A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E.

Yahweh

________ was responsible for the world and everything within it.

Confucianism

________: A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.

Greece

Polis: A city- state in ancient ________.

Pax Romana

________: A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C.

Badhisattva

________: People who delay Nirvana to help all reach Nirvana.

plebeians

The ________ were the commoners- farmers, laborers and artisans.

Stupas

________: a dome- shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine.

Ren

________ and Li (Confucianism): ________ is inward moral beliefs such as goodness and selflessness.

Democracy

________: A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.

Monarchy

________: A government ruled by a king or queen.

Cleopatra

________: last pharaoh of Egypt; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian's enemy.

Samsara

________: the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism.

Vishnu

________: A Hindu god considered the preserver of the world, had avatars to protect the Dharma on Earth such as Krishna.

Nirvana

________: The state of englightenment for Buddhists.

Nalanda

________: Famous Buddhist university of ancient india, might have been the first university worldwide.

Legalism

________: Harsh Chinese philosophy used by Emperor Shi Huangdi, used severe punishments and great rewards as an incentive to do right in society, looked on people as naturally selfish and bad, and made the Qin Dynasty heavily disliked by the people.

Jainism

________: a religion founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore shouldn't be harmed.

Pericles

________: Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.

Spartacus

________: slave, trained as a gladiator, who led a rebellion against the roman army for slave freedom- he was killed after two years.

Hubris

________: excessive pride or self- confidence.

Siddhartha Gautama

________, he was a prince but became a teacher and led to the birth of Buddhism.

10 commandments

Moses received them from the top of a mountain from God; Christians and Jews followed them; laws of God'

Alexander the Great

son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world

Allegory of the Cave

Seeing is not always true; Plato uses this to say that we only have a skewed view on the world and do not take into account what we may not know

Apostle Paul

A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but, according to Christian belief, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, he became arguably the most significant figure in the spread of Christianity and the shaping of its doctrine

Arete

in early Greece, the qualities of excellence that a hero strives to win in a struggle or contest

Aristocracy

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

Aristotle

Greek philosopher

Athenian Golden Age

Time between the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War in which Athens became a cultural center

Athens

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta

Atman

in Hindu belief, the individual human soul

Augustus Caesar

The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace

Badhisattva

People who delay Nirvana to help all reach Nirvana

Ban Zhao

A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.)

Bhagavad Gita

The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit

Brahma

In Hinduism, the creator of the world

Bread and Circuses

A Roman bribery method of coping with class difference

Bureaucracy; civil service

System of managing government through departments run by appointed officials

-the indian civil service

run by the british

Byzantine Empire

(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E

Chinese Innovations

Gunpowder, cannons, movable type, paper currency, porcelain, terrace farming, water-powered mills, cotton sails, water clock, magnetic compass, state-run factories, clay furnaces for casting iron many inventions were made before other civilizations

Civil Service Exam

In Imperial China starting in the Han dynasty, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy

Cleopatra

last pharaoh of Egypt; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian's enemy

Colosseum

A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place

Confucianism

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius

Cyrus the Great

A remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom

Dalits

Members of India's "lowest" caste; literally, "broken people."

Daoism

A religion in China that emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature

Started by a man named Laozi, it revolved around the notion of Dao

nature ruled all and was unchanging

Darius the Great

king of Persia who expanded the empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the Battle of Marathon (550-486 BC)

Democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

Dharma

In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated, mostly on matters of practice, from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe; noted for the subordination of the Church to political authorities, a married clergy, the use of leavened bread in the Eucharist, and insistence on church councils as the ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice

Eightfold Path

In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering and to follow the middle path

Emperor Ashoka

Maurya empire of India (320-185 BC); great emperor of India; conversion to Buddhism and spread Buddhism throughout India by building shrines and pillars for Buddhists

Emperor Qin Shihuangdi

adopted legalism; 1st emperor of the Qin dynasty; ended era of Warring States

Empress Wu, Tang Dynasty

Amazing leader, only female empress of China, created a strong government

Ethical Monotheism

the emphasis on right conduct and the worship of one god

Fall of Rome

476 CE

Filial Piety (Confucianism)

a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors

Ganges River

A river of South Asia that flows southeast from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal

Germanic peoples

Since the days of Julius Caesar, they coexisted with Rome on the Northern borders; when the Huns invaded, the people invaded Rome while trying to flee

Gladiator

A person trained to fight another person to the death for public entertainment

Golden Mean

Aristotle's term for describing ethical behavior as a midpoint between extremes

Great Wall of China

world's longest man made structure built to keep invaders from the north out of China, started by the Qin Dynasty, expanded by the Han Dynasty,

Greco-Persian Wars

Two major Persian invasions of Greece, 490 and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time

Greek rationalism

A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E

Hellenism

Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great

Himalayan mountains

Highest mountain range in the world, seperates India from China

Hubris

excessive pride or self-confidence

Indus river

A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea