Microbiology [Practice Question 1]

Proverbs 16:3

B. Transduction

transfer of cell DNA by means of a bacterial virus (phage or bacteriophage)

A. Transformation

B. Transduction

C. Conjugation

D. Translation

B Pathogenicity

Ability of a microorganism to cause a disease

A. Pathogenesis

B Pathogenicity

C. Etiology

D. Reservoir

D. Lowenstein-Jenssen Agar

A semi-synthetic culture media containing egg yolk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A. Loeffler's Serum Media

B. Bordet-Gengou Agar

C. Thayer's Martin Agar

D. Lowenstein-Jenssen Agar

B. Thayer's Martin Agar

A modified chocolate agar selective for Neisseria gonorrhea

A. Bordet-Gengou Agar

B. Thayer's Martin Agar

C. Loeffler's Serum Media

D. Lowenstein-Jenssen Agar

C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

site of lipid synthesis in cells

A. Rough golgi

B. Smooth golgi

C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A. Magnesium

The ion found on chlorophyll and is used to maintain the integrity of ribosomes.

A. Magnesium

B. Potassium

C. Calcium

D. Sodium

E. Iron

C. contains a thicker and multilayer of peptidoglycan

Which among the following is correct about

GPB (gram-positive bacteria)?

A. contains a thicker and multilayer of cellulose

B. contains LPS and lipoprotein

C. contains a thicker and multilayer of peptidoglycan

D. contains a single layer of peptidoglycan

D. zoonotic

It refers to a disease that is acquired by humans

from animals

A. normal flora

B. formite

C. botanical

D. zoonotic

E. inanimate

A. leucocidin

Enzymes that destroy both neutrophilic leukocytes and macrophages:

A. leucocidin

B. hypothermic factors

C. lecithinase

D. hemolysin

E. IgA protease

E. 1, 2 and 3

Which among the following microbes were

discovered by Robert Koch:

I. Tuberculosis

II. Cholera

III.Anthrax

A. 1 and 3

B. 2 only

C. 2 and 3

D. 3 only

E. 1, 2 and 3

E. Spontaneous Generation

A theory stating that life can arise spontaneously from nonliving material

A. Selective toxicity

B. Germ Theory of Disease

C. Vital force theory

D. Biogenesis

E. Spontaneous Generation

A. fimbriae

These are straight filaments arising from the bacterial cell wall, making the bacterium look like porcupine.

A. fimbriae

B. flagella

C. endospores

D. capsule

E. viral envelop

D. Pyrogens

Are substances that are typically produced by bacteria, which are released and capable of producing a fever

A. Halogens

B. Pathogens

C. Neurogens

D. Pyrogens

A. Emil von Behring

Discovered the immunization for diphtheria

A. Emil von Behring

B. Dmitri Iwanoski

C. Ignaz Semmelweis

D. Wendell Stanley

E. John Tyndall

C. Microbiota or Nomal Flora

It is the term used to describe the various bacteria and fungi that are permanent residents of certain body sites.

A. NormoBiota

B. Macrobiota

C. Microbiota or Nomal Flora

D. Pathobiota

B. local infection

One in which the invading microorganisms are

limited to a relatively small area of the body

A. focal infection

B. local infection

C. chronic infection

D. primary infection

E. acute infection

A. 1, 2, and 3

Which among the following are attributable to Leeuwenhoek?

I. Father of Microbiology

II. Father of Protozoology

III. Father of Bacteriology

IV. Father of Chemotherapy

V. Father of Immunology

A. 1, 2, and 3

B. all of these

C. 1, 3 and 5

D. 3 only

E. 1 and 3

C. Stationary phase

Occurs when nutrient depletion or toxic products cause growth to slow until the number of new cells produced balances the number of the cells that die, resulting in a steady state.

A. Death phase

B. Log phase

C. Stationary phase

D. Decline phase

E. Lag phase

B. Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the COVID infection was declared by the WHO as?

A. Sporadic

B. Pandemic

C. Epidemic

D. Endemic

E. spores

____ - are resting cells that are highly resistant structures formed in response to adverse conditions. It also contains dipicolinic acid.

A. pili

B. flagella

C. murein

D. mesosomes

E. spores

B. PROKARYOTES

A cell type that has specialized compartments which are not separated by membranes.

A. EUKARYOTES

B. PROKARYOTES

A. Virulence

Is a quantitative measure of pathogenicity and is measured by the number of organisms required to cause a disease, the pathogenicity of an organism is due to its virulence factors.

A. Virulence

B. Latency

C. Prodromal

D. Fomite

B. Infection

It refers to the invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms.

A. Prevalence

B. Infection

C. Epidemic

D. Communicable disease

A. Differential

Eosin Methylene Blue(EMB) is an example of _____culture media.

A. Differential

B. Anaerobic

C. Selective

D. Simple

B. Pathogens

These are microorganisms that can cause the infection or disease.

A. Halogens

B. Pathogens

C. Neurogens

D. Oxygens

D. Ribosomes

An organelle is the portion of a cell enclosed by a membrane. Based on this, which of the ff is not strictly an organelle?

A. Nucleus

B. ER

C. Lysosomes

D. Ribosomes

E. Mitochondria

C. Cultivation

Process of propagating microorganisms by providing proper environmental conditions and nutrients.

A. Breeding

B. Farming

C. Cultivation

D. Production

B. Transposons

These are pieces of DNA that move readily from one site to another, either within or between DNAs of bacteria, plasmids, or bacteriophages.

A. Peptidoglycan

B. Transposons

C. Plasmids

D. Glycocalyx

C. 1, 2, 3 and 4

The ff are temperature requirements, which among the ff are correctly matched?

I. Psychrophiles - cold loving

II. Mesophiles - ambient temperature

III. Thermophiles - heat loving

IV. Halophiles - grows in high salt concentration

A. 3 and 4

B. 2 and 3

C. 1, 2, 3 and 4

D. 1 and 2

E. 1 and 3

A. True

Normal Flora can constitute a protective host a defense mechanism.

A. True

B. False

A. prodromal period

A relatively short period where non-specific symptoms occur- fever, malaise, and loss of appetite.

A. prodromal period

B. specific-illness period

C. decline period

D. Incubation period

E. convalescent period

D. All of these

These are minute organisms that individually are too small to be seen by the naked eye:

I. Microorganisms

II. Germs

III. Microbes

A. I and II only

B. I only

C. II and III only

D. All of these

A. I, II, and III

Which among the ff is/are correctly matched?

I. Diplo - when bacteria come in pairs

II. Strep - when bacteria come in chains

III. Staph - when bacteria come in clusters

A. I, II, and III

B. II and III

C. II only

D. I and II

E. NONE

C. Aerotolerants

These are similar to facultative, but they grow best in the absence of oxygen.

A. Halotolerants

B. Oxytolerants

C. Aerotolerants

D. Anaerobes

D. OUTBREAK

The current reported cases of death associated to cholera in the country (Feb 2022) can be referred to as:

A. SPORADIC

B. RARE

C. PANDEMIC

D. OUTBREAK

E. ENDEMIC

B. innate immunity

1st line of defense, nonspecific to the invading pathogen, rapidly mobilized at the site of infection, lacks immunologic memory

A. secretive immunity

B. innate immunity

C. adaptive immunity

B. Pathogenesis

It refers to the steps or mechanisms involved in the development of a disease.

A. Pandemesis

B. Pathogenesis

C. Parthenogenesis

D. Neogenesis

B. Mutualism

A relationship that manifests the reciprocity of benefits between the organisms involved.

A. Commensalism

B. Mutualism

C. Symbiosis

D. Parasitism

E. Predation

D. Exotoxins

Are toxins produced inside bacterial cells and are released to the surrounding medium.

A. Endotoxins

B. Aflatoxins

C. Ergotoxins

D. Exotoxins

E. 1, 2 and 3

Which among the following are correctly

paired?

I. Cocci - round-shaped bacteria

II. Bacilli- rod-shaped bacteria

III. Spirochetes - spiral shaped bacteria

A. 1 and 2

B. 3 only

C. 2 and 3

D. 1 only

E. 1, 2 and 3

A. True

½ of the dry weight of a typical bacterial cell is

carbon. It is usually obtained from carbon

dioxide.

A. True

B. False

A. Parasitism

A type of relationship that involves one-sided beneficial relationship which usually ends up in a harmful relationship for one organism.

A. Parasitism

B. Predation

C. Mutualism

D. Symbiosis

E. Commensalism

A. True

The most important reservoir of the human body itself- it can be people with the disease as well as carriers.

A. True

B. False

B. Prevalence

The fraction of the population having a disease at a specified time.

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Endemic

D. Sporadic

C. Obligate or Strict anaerobes

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen because they lack superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalyze enzymes.

A. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe

B. Microaerophilic organisms

C. Obligate or Strict anaerobes

D. Facultative Anaerobes

D. hemolysin

Enzymes that cause the lysis of RBCs and provide the microorganisms with a source of iron.

A. hypothermic factors

B. IgA protease

C. lecithinase

D. hemolysin

E. leucocidin

D. OUTBREAK

COVID-19 infection was declared by the WHO as Public Health Emergency of International Concern and declared as an ________________ on 30 Jan 2020.

A. SPORADIC

B. RARE

C. PANDEMIC

D. OUTBREAK

E. ENDEMIC

D. 1, 2, and 3

Which among the ff. is/are correctly matched?

I. Acidophiles - pH 3.0 or acidic (ex: fungi)

II. Basophiles/Alkalophiles - pH 10.5 or basic (ex. Vibrios)

III. Neutrophiles - pH 6 to 8 or neutral (ex: majority of microorganisms)

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. 1 and 2

D. 1, 2, and 3

E. 1 and 3

C. vector

Malaria is transmitted via:

A. IV fluids

B. droplet

C. vector

D. food-borne

E. sneezing

C. Active carrier

A person who had completely recovered from the disease but continue to harbor the pathogen indefinitely:

A. Non-living carrier

B. Convalescent carrier

C. Active carrier

D. Passive carrier

E. Incubatory carrier

D. E. Coli

Which of the ff. microorganisms stain well?

A. Chlamydia

B. Legionella pneumophila

C. Treponema

D. E. Coli

E. Hyaluronidase

"Spreading factor", breaks down hyaluronic acid (the polysaccharide that cements or holds tissue together) and allows the spread of bacteria through connective tissues

A. Pili

B. Capsule

C. Hemolysin

D. Coagulase

E. Hyaluronidase

C. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe

Requires 21% of oxygen to grow and they usually possess SOD and catalase enzymes

A. Facultative Anaerobes

B. Obligate or Strict anaerobes

C. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe

D. Microaerophilic organisms

A. Antibody

A protein that is produced in response to a particular pathogen, usually during adaptive immune response.

A. Antibody

B. Antigen

C. IgG

D. Phagocytes

E. WBCs

B. 1, 2, and 3

Examples of enriched culture media:

I. Milk agar

II. Chocolate agar

III. Blood agar

A. 1 and 2

B. 1, 2, and 3

C. 1 and 3

D. 3 only

E. 2 and 3

C. 1 and 3

Grows at moderate salt concentration but grows best in its absence.

I. Halotolerant

II. Osmophiles

III. Osmotolerant

IV. Xerophiles

A. 3 and 4

B. 2 and 3

C. 1 and 3

D. 4 only

E. 1 only

A. skin

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal flora found on:

A. skin

B. throat

C. colon

D. mouth

E nose

D. Generation time

Refers to the time required for a cell to divide or population to double.

A. Multiplying time

B. Division time

C. Cultivation time

D. Generation time

A. Genetics

Is the study of what genes are, how they carry info, how it is expressed, and how they are replicated and passed to the subsequent generations or other organism.

A. Genetics

B. Geneology

C. Genesis

D. Genomes

C. phagocytosis

Cell eating

A. exocytosis

B. endocystosis

C. phagocytosis

D. chemotaxis

C. Hepatitis B

A vehicle transmission refers to the transmission

of the disease agents through a medium such as

water, food, air, blood, body fluids and even

drugs and IV fluids, which among the following

is an example?

A. Yellow fever

B. Malaria

C. Hepatitis B

D. Dengue

E. Chikungunya

A. Transformation

It is the transfer of DNA itself from one cell to

another.

A. Transformation

B. Transduction

C. Conjugation

D. Translation

B. cytosol

Organelle- free cell sap where metabolic

pathways such as glycolysis, glycogenesis, and

fatty acid synthesis is commonly seen on:

A. cytoplasm

B. cytosol

C. nuclear envelop

D. nucleus

E. plasma membrane

E. necrotizing enzymes

An exoenzyme that can cause massive

destruction of tissue leading to tissue death.

A. fibrinolysin

B. hyaluronidase

C. coagulase

D. collagenase

E. necrotizing enzymes

D. Endotoxins are secreted from cells

Which of the following is not true related to

endotoxins:

A. Can be linked to Meningococcemia

B. Produced by gram negative microorganisms

C. Can cause fever

D. Endotoxins are secreted from cells

E. Incubatory carrier

A person who can transmit a pathogen during

the incubation period of a particular disease.

A. Non-living carrier

B. Convalescent carrier

C. Active carrier

D. Passive carrier

E. Incubatory carrier

A. Commensalism

A type of relationship in which one species of organism uses the body or a larger species as its physical environment and makes use of the environment to acquire nutrients.

A. Commensalism

B. Mutualism

C. Symbiosis

D. Parasitism

E. Predation

C. mitochondria

Organelle which serves as site of electron transport chain and capable of generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

A. cyst

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. mitochondria

D. golgi apparatus

E. merozoites

A. Direct contact

Direct transmission of an agent by physical contact between its source and susceptible host.

A. Direct contact

B. Vector transmission

C. Vehicle transmission

D. Indirect contact

B. Microaerophilic organisms

Require small amounts of oxygen equivalent to 5%

A. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe

B. Microaerophilic organisms

C. Facultative Anaerobes

D. Obligate or Strict anaerobes

A. True

According to Koch's postulates, cultured microorganisms should cause disease when introduced into healthy organisms.

A. True

B. False

C. Epidemic

An "outbreak", a disease that occurs much more frequently than usual in a particular region usually occurring in a relatively short period of time.

A. Sporadic

B. Pandemic

C. Epidemic

D. Endemic

B. Plasmids

Are small extrachromosomal, circular DNA molecules present in prokaryotes.

A. Plastids

B. Plasmids

C. Mesosomes

D. Ribosomes

A. Lag phase

Phase during vigorous metabolic activity occurs but cells do not divide.

A. Lag phase

B. Stationary phase

C. Death phase

D. Log phase

E. Decline phase

C. I and III

Which of the ff is true of Staphylococcus epidermidis?

I. Catalase-positive

II. Coagulase-positive

III. Facultative

A. II only

B. I and II

C. I and III

D. II and III

E. I only

C. 2 only

Lipopolysaccharides are correctly described as:

I. Found in both Gram (-) and Gram (+)

bacteria

II. Contains lipid A as part of its structure

III. Infection of which are treated by antitoxin

A. 1 only

B. 3 only

C. 2 only

D. 1 and 3

E. 2 and 3

A. Bordet-Gengou Agar

Can be used for Bordetella pertussis:

A. Bordet-Gengou Agar

B. Lowenstein-Jenssen Agar

C. Loeffler's Serum Media

D. Thayer's Martin Agar

A. Streptomycin

Selman Waksman's discovery of which among the following drugs:

A. Streptomycin

B. Penicillin

C. Salvarsan

D. Gramicidin

E. Prontosil

C. Pleomorphic

This term refers to the organisms like a type of bacteria with variable shapes.

A. Pseudomorphic

B. Ectomorphic

C. Pleomorphic

D. Endomorphic

B. Glycocalyx

Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells?

A. Flagellum

B. Glycocalyx

C. Peptidoglycan

D. Chloroplast

E. Plasmid

D. Clostridium Perfringens

Which of the following is not a gram-negative bug?

A. Escherichia coli

B. Bordetella pertussis

C. Vibrio cholerae

D. Clostridium Perfringens

C. Conjugation

It is the mating of the 2 bacterial cells during which DNA was transferred from the donor to the recipient cells and is usually controlled by a plasmid.

A. Transformation

B. Transduction

C. Conjugation

D. Translation

A. subclinical infection

An infection that results in overt symptoms (no manifestations) and can be detected only by demonstrating a rise in antibody titer or by isolating the microorganism.

A. subclinical infection

B. primary infection

C. focal infection

D. chronic infection

E. secondary infection

D. Blood Agar

A mixture of nutrient agar and 5% sheep's blood for hemolytic microorganisms

A. Chocolate Agar

B. Milk Agar

C. Chocolate Agar

D. Blood Agar

E. Agar agar

B. Lysosomes

This organelle is referred to as "suicide bag" due to presence of enzymes.

A. Liposomes

B. Lysosomes

C. Mesosomes

D. Ribosomes

A. capsule

A specialized structure outside the cell wall that is attributable as the "virulence factor" on some bacteria.

A. capsule

B. pili

C. Slime layer

D. flagella

E. Glycocalyx

C. Immunology

It refers to the study of immune response

A. Parasitology

B. Biology

C. Immunology

D. Microbiology

A. Ignaz Semmelweis

Father of handwashing

A. Ignaz Semmelweis

B. Emil von Behring

C. Wendell Stanley

D. Dmitri Iwanoski

E. John Tyndall

C. Facultative Anaerobes

May or may not survive in the presence of oxygen and they possess either SOD or catalase.

A. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe

B. Microaerophilic organisms

C. Facultative Anaerobes

D. Obligate or Strict anaerobes

E. Latent

Infection in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease.

A. Chronic

B. Acute

C. Signs

D. Symptoms

E. Latent

C. Stationary phase

Occurs when nutrient depletion or toxic products cause growth to slow until the number of new cells produced balances the number of cells that die, resulting in a steady state.

A. Death phase

B. Log phase

C. Stationary phase

D. Decline phase

E. Lag phase

B. Robert Hooke

Who among the ff listed below introduced the concept of Cell Theory?

A. Galileo Galilee

B. Robert Hooke

C. Johansen Janssen

D. Benjamin Martin

E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

B. Droplet Transmission

Sneezing, coughing, laughing, and talking is an example of:

A. Contact Transmission

B. Droplet Transmission

C. Vehicle Transmission

D. Vector Transmission

D. Communicable disease

A disease that is spread from one person to another person.

A. Infection

B. Prevalence

C. Epidemic

D. Communicable disease

E. Escherichia coli

An example of rapid lactose fermenter:

A. Serratia

B. Shigella

C. Salmonella

D. Proteus

E. Escherichia coli

D. Convalescent

The recovery period during which illness abates (lessens) and the patient returns to the healthy state.

A. Incubation

B. Prodromal

C. Decline

D. Convalescent

E. Specific-illness

C. Microbiology

It is a branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms and their activities.

A. Biology

B. Micrology

C. Microbiology

D. Macrobiology

E. 80s

The eukaryotic ribosomes complex of the 40s and 60s

A. 60s

B. 70s

C. 40s

D. 100s

E. 80s

B. Antigen

A substance that induces (causes) the production of antibodies.

A. Antibody

B. Antigen

C. IgG

D. Phagocytes

E. WBCs

B. internal cellular membrane

Which of the following cellular structures is unique in eukaryotes?

A. ribosomes

B. internal cellular membrane

C. plasma membrane

D. endoplasmic reticulum

E. golgi body