Anatomy Q4 Exam

T or F The medial indentation of the kidney where several structures such as the ureters, renal blood vessels, and nerve center enter and exit the kidney is called the Hilus

True

T or F Diabetes mellitus can lead to severe dehydrationand electrolyte imbalances leaving affected persons continually thirsty.

F, Insipidus

T or F The lumen surfaces of the tubule cells within the proximal convoluted tubule are covered with microvilli

True

T or F The capillary bed that is surrounded by Bowman's capsule but does not drain the glomerulus is called the peritubular capillary bed

F, glomerulus

T or F The specific gravity of urine is typically lower than the specific gravity of pure water

F, higher

T or F Tubular Secretion which seems to be important for removal of substances not already in the filtrate is essentially reabsorption in reverse

True

T or F Urine moves down the ureters into the bladder due to gravitational pull alone

False, by peristalsis

T or F A descending urinary tract infection is the most common type of UTI

False ascending

T or f The urethra which carries urine exiting the bladder by peristalsis is typically shorter in females than in males

True

T or F Following the Micturition reflex it is impossible to postpone bladder emptying

F possible

T or F Antidiuretic hormone causes increased water loss through the urine

F decreased

T or F The most important trigger for aldosterone release is the renin-angiotensin mechanism mediated by the renal tubules

True

T or F A person with arterial blood pH above 7.45 is said to have acidosis

False Alkalosis

T or F The kidneys help maintain acid-base balance of the blood by excreting bicarbonate ions

True

t or f Sexually transmitted diseases are primarily infections of the reproductive tracks but may also cause urinary tract infections

True

T or F Incontinence is often the final outcome of the urinary system during the aging process

True

RBCs in the urine due to trauma or infection

hematuria

Hemoglobin in the urine due to hemolytic anemia or a transfusion reaction

Hemoglobinuria

Glucose in the urine due to diabetes mellitus

glycosuria

Bile pigment in the urine due to hepatitis

bilirubinuria

Pus containing WBCs and bacterial in the urine due to urinary tract infection

Pyuria

Proteins in the urine due to pregnancy or excessive exercise

proteinuria

Cup shaped extensions of the pelvis

Calyces

Outer lighter region of the kidney

Renal cortex

Vessel supplying each kidney with blood to be filtered

Renal artery

Cortex-like extensions that separate the pyramids

renal columns

Darker reddish brown internal area of the kidney

renal medulla

Triangular regions with striped appearance

medullary pyramids

Flat basin like cavity medial to the hilus of the kidney

renal pelvis

Term that describes the location of the kidneys

retroperitoneal

The enlarged, cup-shaped closed end of the renal tubule that completely surrounds the glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

Filtration slits and openings exist between pedicels of the glomerulus, forming a ______ membrane around the glomerulus

porous

Blood pressure within the glomerulus is extremely _____, which forces fluids and relatively small solutes out of blood and into the capsule

high

Of the capillary beds associated with each nephron, the one that is both fed and drained by the arterioles

glomerulus

The peritubular capillaries arise from the ______ arteriole, which drains the glomerulus

efferent

Which is NOT typically reabsorbed by the tubules under normal healthy conditions: water, glucose, amino acids, urea, sodium

urea

In contrasting urine and filtrate by the time it reaches the following, it could be said that filtrate contains almost ______ that plasma does

everything

In a healthy young adult female, water accounts for approximately __% of body weight

50

Regardless if aldosterone is present or not, the percentage of sodium that is reabsorbed within the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney is __%

80

Extracellular fluid is found everywhere in the body EXCEPT within

living cells

A simple rule concerning water and electrolyte regulation is ___ passively follows____

Water; salt

The results of the renin-angiotensin mechanism mediated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the renal tubules include suppression of

Aldosterone

The chemical buffer system that includes carbonic acid and its salt, which ties up the H+ released by strong acids is called the _______

Bicarbonate buffer system

the chemically buffered combination of strong acids that dissociate completely in water and weak bases such as hydroxides leads to a weak ___ and a ____

Acid; salt

when carbon dioxide enters the blood from tissue cells, it is converted to _____ ion for transport within blood plasma

Bicarbonate

When blood pH begins to rise, the respiratory control centers in the brain are

Depressed

The most potent of all mechanisms and substances that the body used to regulate blood pH are the

Kidneys

Functional kidneys develop in the womb by the third month after conception from the ____ set of tubule systems

Third

The average output of urine for a normal healthy adult is __ ml/day

1500

Control of the voluntary urethral sphincter in normal children is related to the _____ system development

Nervous

The noninvasive treatment for kidney stones that uses ultrasound waves to shatter calculi is called

Lithotripsy

The bladder is able to expand as urine accumulates within it due to the presence of ___epithelium.

Transitional

The average adult bladder is moderately full with ___ ml of urine within it.

500

The voluntarily controlled sphincter fashioned by skeletal muscle at the point where the urethra passes through the pelvic floor is called the external ______ sphincter.

Urethral

Typical symptoms of urinary tract infection in adults include:

Urinary urgency, dysuria, urinary frequency, and cloudy urine

Incontinence can result from pressure on the

Bladder

Incontinence is normal in children __ years old or younger

2

_____ occurs in older children who sleep soundly

Incontinence

______ occurs when we are unable to voluntarily control the external sphincter

Incontinence

Enlargement of the prostrate gland that surrounds the neck of the bladder in adult men is called _____ which may cause voiding difficulty.

Hypertrophy

In one 24-hour period, the kidneys of an average-sized healthy adult filter approximately _____ liters of blood plasma through glomeration into the tubules.

150-180

Kidneys in a healthy adult excrete _____-containing waste

Nitrogen

Kidneys in a healthy adult maintain _____ balance in blood

Water

Kidneys in a healthy adult maintain _____ balance of the blood

Electrolyte

Kidneys in a healthy adult ensure proper blood ____

pH

A function of the kidneys is to regulate ____ pressure

Blood

A function of the kidneys is to convert vitamin _ to its active form

D

A function of the kidneys is to manufacture

Urine

A function of the kidneys Is to dospose of ____ waste products

Metabolic

The kidneys are aided in the excretion of fluids by the _____ and _____

Lungs; skin

1. The correct pathway of the arterial blood supply through the kidney is___artery → _____ arteries → ____ arteries → ____arteries

Renal; interlobular; arcuate; interlobar

Each kidney contains about __ million nephrons.

4

Most nephrons are located within the renal

Cortex

The nonselective, passive process performed by the glamorous that forms blood plasma without blood proteins is called

Filtration

T or F: Urine under normal healthy conditions is sterile

True

Urine under normal healthy conditions is more dense than

Distilled water

Urine under normal healthy conditions Is slightly

Aromatic

Urine under normal healthy conditions typically contains ___

Ammonia

Substances normally found in urine are urea, ammonia, and _____

Creatine

The bladder is described as _____ collapsible, smooth, and retroperitoneal.

Muscular

Label A

Inferior vena cava

Label B

Adrenal Gland

Label C

Renal artery

Label D

Renal hilus

Label E

Renal Vein

Label F

Aorta

Label G

kidney

Label H

Ureter

Label I

Iliac crest

Label J

Urinary Bladder

Label K

Urethra