Memory Lecture 7

These flashcards cover key concepts related to memory, including processes involved in memory encoding, storage, retrieval, and factors affecting memory retention and forgetting.

Memory

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.

Encoding

The process of getting information into the memory system.

Storage

The retention of encoded information over time.

Retrieval

The process of getting information out of memory storage.

Forgetting

The inability to retrieve previously stored information.

Recognition

A measure of memory in which the person must identify items previously learned, as in a multiple-choice test.

Recall

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information with effort, as in a fill-in-the-blank test.

Relearning

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning information again.

Ebbinghaus’s Retention Curve

A graph that shows the relationship between the amount of information learned and the time taken to relearn that information.

Information-processing model

A model that compares human memory to computer operations, involving encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Working memory

An updated version of short-term memory that includes the active management of information.

Explicit Memory

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

Implicit Memory

Memory that involves learning an action while the individual does not know or declare what he/she knows.

Chunking

A mnemonic technique that involves grouping items into larger, meaningful units to improve memory.

Spacing Effect

The phenomenon where information is better retained when learning is spaced out over time.

Self-Reference Effect

The tendency to better remember information that is personally relevant.

Anterograde Amnesia

A condition in which a person cannot form new memories after a trauma or surgery.

Misinformation Effect

The incorporation of misleading information into one’s memory of an event.

Retrieval Cues

Stimuli that help to retrieve a certain memory.

Serial Position Effect

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.

Proactive Interference

Occurs when older memories inhibit the retrieval of newer memories.

Retroactive Interference

Occurs when new learning disrupts the retrieval of old memories.