STUDY CH 1 AP

Anatomy

The study of form and structure of the body.

Physiology

The study of how the body functions.

Microscopic Anatomy

Includes cytology (study of cells) and histology (study of tissues).

Gross Anatomy

Also known as macroscopic anatomy; includes systemic, regional, surface, comparative, and embryology.

Pathological Anatomy

The study of anatomical changes due to disease.

Radiographic Anatomy

Anatomy that is viewed through imaging techniques.

Cardiovascular Physiology

The study of the heart and blood vessels.

Respiratory Physiology

The study of the lungs and airways.

Neurophysiology

The study of nerves and the nervous system.

Reproductive Physiology

The study of reproductive organs and their functions.

Pathophysiology

The study of body functions under disease or injury conditions.

Levels of Organization

The hierarchy of biological organization: Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.

Homeostasis

The ability to maintain stable internal conditions within the body.

Anterior and Posterior

Directional terms referring to the front and back of the body, respectively.

Coronal Plane

A plane that divides the body into front and back sections.

Transverse Plane

A plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Midsagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Pericardium

The membrane that surrounds the heart.

Pleura

The membrane that surrounds the lungs.

Peritoneum

The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.

Feedback Mechanisms

Processes that help control homeostasis by adjusting physiological functions.

Normal Body Temperature

Approximately 98.6°F (37°C) for humans.

Normal Blood Glucose Range

80–110 mg/dL, with a normal range being approximately 95% of the healthy population.

Umbilical region

Small intestine, Transverse colon

Epigastric region

Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum

Hypogastric region

Urinary bladder, Sigmoid colon, Female reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries)

Right Hypochondriac region

Liver, Gallbladder, Right kidney

Left Hypochondriac region

Stomach, Spleen, Left kidney

Right Lumbar region

Ascending colon, Right kidney, Small intestine

Left Lumbar region

Descending colon, Left kidney, Small intestine

Right Iliac (Inguinal) region

Appendix, Cecum, Small intestine

Left Iliac (Inguinal) region

Sigmoid colon, Small intestine

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Liver, Gallbladder, Right kidney, Parts of small & large intestine

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Stomach, Spleen, Left kidney, Pancreas, Parts of small & large intestine

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Appendix, Right ovary and fallopian tube, Right ureter, Parts of small & large intestine

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Left ovary and fallopian tube, Left ureter, Parts of small & large intestine